Readings in

Philippine

History
Victoria O. Ligan, Leah C. Apsay, Lindsey c.
Espino Cecilie Sharon T. Porras, Emylie D
Salinas, Jose J. Leman
 HISTORY
 Is about life and events of the past.
 It tells us facts, biases of historians,
morality, society, and moral judgments'.
 It is an understanding of change; of how
society came to be.
 it tells events from distant time that made
significant changes in the present and into
the future.
 It can develop critical thinking.
 IMPORTANCE OF HISTORY
 It is the window of the past.
 Understanding the past is the key
to understanding our present.
 It informs us the events of the
past.
 Analyzing history strengthens
our critical thinking skills.
 Part of your story.
 To know who we are.
 If you don`t know history, your domed to
repeat it.
 Allow us to touch another dimension.
 To appreciate the braveness of our heroes.
 It give us understanding of other people`s
culture.
 THE MEANING OF HISTORY

 Derived from the Greek word historia which

means learning by inquiry.
 The Greek philosopher , Aristotle looked upon
history as the systematic accounting of set of
natural phenomena, that is, taking into the
consideration the chronological arrangement
of the account.
 This explained that knowledge is derived
through conducting a process of scientific
investigation of the past.
 The word history referred usually to
for accounts of phenomena,
especially human affairs in
chronological order.
 THEORIES IN INVESTIGATING
HISTORY
 FACTUAL HISTORY- present readers the
plain and basic information of the event that
took place, the time and date of the events,
the place which the event took place, and the
people who were involved.
 SPECULATIVE HISTORY- goes beyond facts
because it is the concerned about the reasons
for which events happened ( why) and the
way they happened (how). It tries to
speculate on the cause and effect of an event.
 LIMITATION OF HISTORICAL
KNOWLEDGE
 The incompleteness of records has limited man`s
knowledge of history.
 Most human affairs happens without leaving any evidence
or records of any kinds, no artifacts, no evidence of human
setting in which to place surviving artifacts.
 The past has perished forever with only occasional traces.
 The whole history of the past( called history-as-actuality
can be known to a historian only through the surviving
records( history-as-record) and most of history as record is
only a tiny part of the whole phenomenon.
 Historians study the records or evidence that
survive the time. They tell history from what
they understood as a credible part of the
record. However, their claims may remain
variable as there can be historical records
that could be discovered which may affirm
those that they have already presented. This
explains the completeness of the object that
historians study.
 HISTORY AS THE SUBJECTIVE
PROCESS OF RE-CREATION
 From the incomplete evidence, historians
strive to restore the total past of mankind.
They do it from the point of view that human
beings live in different times and that their
experience maybe somehow comparable, or
that their experience maybe have
significantly differed contingent on the place
and time.
 The study of history is a subjective
process as documents and relics are
scattered and do not together
comprise the total object that the
historians are studying.
 Historians deals with human
testimonies as well as physical
traces.
 HISTORICAL METHOD AND
HISTORIOGRAPHY
 The process of critically examining and analyzing the
record and survivals of the past is called historical
method.
 The imaginative reconstruction of the past from the
data derived from that process is called
historiography.
 By means of historical method and historiography,
the historians endeavors to reconstruct as much of
the past of mankind as he can. Even in his limited
efforts, however the historians is handicapped. He can
tell a story even of a part of a past as it is occurrred.
Historical analysis is also
an important element of
historical method.
 In historical analysis, historians will:
- Select the subject to investigate
- Collect probable sources of
information.
- Examine the sources genuineness.
- Extract credible particulars from the
sources.
end
QUESTIONS

1.What is the importance of

history to you?
2.What is the difference
between factual and
speculative history?