UNDERSTANDING RESEARCH

Presented by: Engr. Jerome M.

METHODOLOGY: VALIDITY, Saltorio, LPT
RELIABILITY, AND INTERNAL VALIDITY
INTRODUCTION
Research is a systematic process, and the quality of
research depends on key concepts like Validity,
Reliability, and Internal Validity.
VALIDITY
Definition: The accuracy of a test in measuring what it's supposed to
measure.
Types of Validity:
Content Validity: Example: A mathematics test that covers all topics taught
in the course.
Criterion-Related Validity: Example: A job performance test correlating
with actual job performance.
Construct Validity: Example: A personality test measuring traits as per
established psychological theories.
Face Validity: Example: A survey on stress that appears to be about stress.
RELIABILITY
Definition: The consistency and stability of a measure.
Types of Reliability:
Test-Retest Reliability: Example: A blood pressure monitor
providing consistent readings over multiple uses.
Inter-Rater Reliability: Example: Different observers rating the
same behavior similarly.
Internal Consistency Reliability: Example: Items on a
depression scale consistently measuring the same underlying
construct.
INTERNAL VALIDITY
Definition: The extent to which changes in the dependent variable can be
attributed to the independent variable.
Threats to Internal Validity:
History: Example: A classroom study affected by unexpected events.
Maturation: Example: Participants naturally changing over the course of a
longitudinal study.
Testing: Example: The act of pre-testing influencing post-test performance.
Instrumentation: Example: Changes in measurement tools during a study.
Selection Bias: Example: Systematic differences in groups at the start
impacting results.
ENSURING VALIDITY AND
RELIABILITY
Clear research design, standardized procedures, and
careful selection of measurement tools are essential.
Continuous monitoring and validation checks throughout
the research process.
CONCLUSION
Validity, reliability, and internal validity are crucial for
robust and trustworthy research.
A balance between these elements ensures meaningful
and accurate research findings.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH
FOR LISTENING!