11th
Grade
PRE
CALCULUS
Prepared by: Ms. Jocel B. Sajise
CONIC
SECTIONS
CIRCLE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
a. define a circle;
b. determine the standard form of equation of a circle; and
c. graph a circle in a rectangular coordinate system.
CIRCLE
A circle is defined as the collection of all the points
on a plane that are at equal distance from a given
fixed point on the plane.
CIRCLE
The fixed point is called center of the circle and the
fixed distance is called the radius.
CIRCLE
A line segment joining two points on the figure is a
chord. The following are exaple of two chords.
CIRCLE
When the chord passes through the center, we call it a
diameter. A diameter usually divides such figure into two
equal halves. Each half is called a semi-circle.
CIRCLE
Half of diameter is called a radius.
In other words, 2 radii = diameter
CENTER AT THE ORIGIN
The circle with centre (0,0) and radius r has the equation:
x2 + y 2 = r 2
This means any point (x,y) on the circle will be true when
substituted into the circle equation.
CENTER AT THE
ORIGIN
2 2 2
x +y =r
CENTER NOT AT THE ORIGIN
The circle with centre (h,k) and radius r has the equation:
(x-h)2 + (y-k)2 = r2
CENTER NOT AT
THE ORIGIN
2 2 2
(x-h) + (y-k) = r
EXAMPLE
1. Determine the standard equation of the circle given the
coordinates of its center and the length of its radius.
a. center at the origin and r = 2
b. center at (2, -3) and r = 3
c. center at ( , ) and r = 6
EXAMPLE
2. Given the standard form of the equation, find the coordinates
of the center and the radius of each of the following circles.
a. (x+9)2 + (y-1)2 = 25
b. x2 + (y - )2 =
c. (x-6)2 + y2 = 15
ACTIVITY
A. Write the standard form of the equation of each of the
following circles then, graph.
1. with center at (0,5) and r = 4
2. with center at (-5,-6) and r = 2/3
3. with center at the origin and r = 2
ACTIVITY
B. Determine the center and the length of the radius of each circle
given its standard form.
1. (x-7)2 + (y+7)2 = 64
2. (x+)2 + y2 = 10
3. x2 + (y+4)2 = 7
Transforming the Equation of
a Circle from the General
Form to the Standard
Form & Vice Versa
The General Form of the Circle
An equation which can be written in the following
form (with constant D, E, F) represents a circle:
x2 + y2 + Dx +Ey + F = 0
EXAMPLE
3. Determine the standard form of the equation of the circle
defined by:
4x2 + 4y2 - 4x + 24y + 1 = 0
x2 + y2 - 14x + 38 = 0
EXAMPLE
4. Determine the general form of the equation of the circle
defined by:
(x+5)2 + (y-6)2 = 4
(x-11)2 + (y+2)2 = 16
ACTIVITY
A. Transform the general form of the equation of eachof the
following circles to its corresponding standard form.
1. x2 + y2 + 6x + 8y + 24 = 0
2. 144x2 + 144y2 + 72x + 192y + 37 = 0
ACTIVITY
B. Write each equation of a circle in the general form.
1. (x-5)2 + (y-15)2 = 4
2. (x+8)2 + (y-10)2 =
Thank You !
We’ll see you on the next class <3
PARABOLA
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
a. define a parabola;
recognize the equation and the important
b.
characteristics of a parabola;
determine the standard form of the equation of a
c.
parabola;
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
transform the standard form of the equation of a
d.
parabola to the vertex form;
sketch the graph of the equation of a parabola in a
e.
rectangular coordinate system; and
f. solve real-life problems involving parabolas.
PARABOLA
Parabola is another type of conic section. Like
the circle, a parabola is formed when a
plane parallel to the generator of
the cone intersects the cone.
PARABOLA
A parabola is the set of all points in a plane
that are equidistant from a fixed line called
the directrix and a fixed point of the
plane known as the focus.
FOCUS
A point that lies on the line or axis of
symmetry.
DIRECTRIX
A line perpendicular to the axis of symmetry.
VERTEX
The lowest or highest point of a parabola (h,k).
AXIS OF SYMMETRY
The line that passes through the vertex and is
perpendicular to the directrix.
Standard and General Forms
of the Equation of a Parabola
with a Vertical Axis of
Symmetry
The standard form of the equation of a parabola
2
with a vertical axis of symmetry is y = ax +
bx + c.
The vertex form of the equation of a parabola
with a vertex (h,k) and a vertical axis of
symmetry is y = a (x-h)2 + k
Note: The axis of symmetry is determined by x
= h.
EXAMPLES
GRAPH
OF A
PARABOLA
To graph a parabola, deliberately choose
some values of x that allow an easy
calculation of the values of y.
