Pragmatic

Principle
1. Ratna Sulistiani
2. M. Nauval Fayyadh
3. Denita Widya Pratiwi
4. Sabrina Isnaeni
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

01 Principle and Rules 02 Some Principle Discussed

03 The cooperative principle

 Principle
PrPrinciples in pragmatics refer to fundamental guidelines or concepts that influence how
language is used in communication.

Example: The Cooperative Principle, proposed by Paul Grice, is a fundamental principle

stating that in communication, people are expected to be cooperative, truthful, and relevant.
 Rules
Rules in pragmatics are specific guidelines that govern the practical use of language in
communication, taking into account social and cultural context.

Example: Turn-taking in conversations, politeness strategies, and choosing the appropriate

register (formality) are pragmatic rules that help individuals navigate effective and
appropriate language use..
 Some Principle Discussed
1. The Communicative Principle
There is more to the question of rules vs. principles than a mere squabble about terminology. All-important is the fact that
people engage in communicative activ- ity whenever they use language; whether or not they observe a particular syn- tactic
rule is not too important.

2. The Cooperative Principle

In the preceding section, I introduced the Communicative Principle, by which it is understood that people, when communicating, have
something to tell each other. Communication, furthermore,
The Cooperative Principlerequires
consists ofpeople to cooperate; the 'bare facts' of conversation come alive
four maxims:
only in a mutually accepted, pragmatically determined context.

3. Politeness and other virtues

A criticism that is often offered of Grice's maxims is that they can be interpreted as a moral code of behavior: 'How to be a good
conversationalist' ('good' in both senses of the word: "expert" and "virtuous).
 The Cooperative Principle consists of four maxims:

1. .Maxim of Quantity: Be as informative as is needed, but not more.

2. Maxim of Quality: Do not provide false or misleading information.
3. Maxim of Relation: Be relevant in your contributions to the conversation.
4. Maxim of Manner: Avoid ambiguity and be clear in your expression.
 Rethinking Grice
Grice's four maxims and the associated principle of cooperation have been under attack almost from the very beginning. On
the one hand, the critique has focused on the values attached to the maxims; for instance, there is a greater value attached to
the maxim of quality than to the others: "violating it amounts to a moral offense, whereas violating the others is at worst
inconsiderate or rude" (Green 1989:89).
Thank you!
*no questions please'(