6 Pertumbuhan Mikrobia

MICROBIAL
GROWTH
11/25/23 Microbiology 1
Lab.Biokimia Nutrisi Fakultas Peternakan UGM
DEFINITION OF GROWTH
 Growth of a cell is the

culmination of an ordered
interplay among all of the
physiological activities of
the cell.
It is a complex process involving
 Entrance of basic nutrients into the
cell
 Conversion of these compounds into
energy and vital cell constituents
 Replication of the chromosome
 Increase in size and mass of the cell
 Division of the cell into two daughter

cells, each containing a copy of the
genome and other vital components
Bacterial Growth
 Bacterial growth is defined not by
growth in size, but by an increase in
number.
 Bacteria grow by binary fission.
 What occurs during binary fission?
 DNA duplication /DNA replication
 Separation of DNA and
cytoplasmic contents
 Cross wall formation
 It is assumed that the individual
generation time ( the time required
for a single cell to divide) is the
same for all cells in the population.
 However, in a given population, the
generation times for individual
cells vary, so the term doubling
time encompasses the doubling
time for the total population
 Generation time = doubling
time
 time required for a cell to
divide or a population to
double
 1 to 2 or 100 to 200 or 1
million to 2 million
…………..continued
 Most common bacteria

have a generation time 30-
60 min under optimum
conditions.
 Most common pathogens in
the body, about 5-10 hours.
Bacterial Growth Curve
LAG PHASE
 During this phase, bacteria are
growing in size, but they are not
undergoing binary fission.
 Hence, there is no increase in cell
number.
 The bacteria are adapting to the
new environment and are
synthesizing cellular components
such as ribosomes, enzymes, and
other proteins.
LOG PHASE
 This phase is also referred to as the
exponential phase because there is
a logarithmic increase in cell
number.
 This exponential growth is
expressed as the bacteria’s
generation time. During this phase,
the conditions are optimal for
growth and binary fission occurs.
 Most prokaryotes reproduce by a
process of binary fission, in which the
cell grows in volume until it divides in
half to yield two identical daughter cells.
 Each daughter cell can continue to grow
at the same rate as its parent.
 For this process to occur, the cell must
grow over its entire surface until the time
of cell division, when a new
hemispherical pole forms at the division
septum in the middle of the cell.
STATIONARY PHASE
 There is no net increase or decrease in cell
number in this stage. Cell growth
(division) equals cell death.
 Although cell division continues during the
stationary phase, the number of cells that are
able to divide (viable cells) are approximately
equal to the number that are unable to divide
(nonviable cells).
 Thus, the stationary phase represents an
equilibrium between the number of cells able
to divide and the number that are unable to
divide.
………continued
 Exhaustion of essential nutrients,
accumulation of toxic waste products,
depletion of oxygen, or development of
an unfavorable pH are the factors
responsible for the decline in the growth
rate.
 The insufficient supply of nutrients
also causes some bacteria to form
spores during this phase.
DEATH PHASE
 Thisphase is characterized
by an exponential death of
cells.
 When the media runs out of
nutrients and there are too
many toxins, cells begin to
die at a faster rate.
Fungal Growth
Fungal Growth curve
 During an initial LAG phase the rate of
growth or cell division is very slow.
 Growth or cell division then starts to
accelerate into the EXPONENTIAL
phase.
This exponential phase represents the
period when the fungus is growing or
multiplying most rapidly.
This phase will continue until one or
more nutrients become limiting,
oxygen becomes depleted and/or
metabolic by-products accumulate to
toxic levels.
 Growth will start to
DECELERATE (DECLINE).
 This may be followed by a
STATIONARY phase, during
which there is no discernible
change in cell concentration or
biomass.
 Finally, we may observe a phase
of CELL DEATH and LYSIS -
which results in a decrease in
cell number and/or biomass.
 Their basic cellular unit is
described as a hypha.
 This is usually a tubular cell
which is surrounded by a rigid,
chitin-containing cell wall.
 The hypha extends by tip
growth, and multiplies by
branching, creating a fine
network called a mycelium.
 Hyphae contain nuclei,
mitochondria, ribosomes, Golgi and
membrane-bound vesicles within a
plasma-membrane bound
cytoplasm.
 The sub-cellular structures are
supported and organized by micro-
tubules and endoplasmic reticulum.
 Not all fungi are multicellular,
some are unicellular and are
termed yeasts.
 These grow by binary fission or
budding, creating new
individuals from the parent cell.
 Simplified diagram of a
vegetative yeast cell and a
budding cell will be shown
 Fungal growth occurs at the
hyphal tip by the fusion of
characteristic membrane-bound
vesicles derived from the Golgi.
 These vesicles accumulate in the
apical 10 µm of the hyphal tip.
 The organization of these vesicles
varies in the different taxonomic
groups.
Good luck …

6 Pertumbuhan Mikrobia

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MICROBIAL

 Growth of a cell is the

 Increase in size and mass of the cell

 Division of the cell into two daughter

 Most common bacteria

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