Solving Linear Ordinary

Differential Equations
with constant
coefficients

SAYAN SARKAR
BWU/BTA/22/197
BTECH CSE-AIML
SEM- 3 R D
What are Linear Ordinary
Differential Equations?
Linear ODEs describe how a function changes over time. They are called "linear" because they
only involve linear combinations of the function and its derivatives. This presentation focuses on
solving linear ODEs with constant coefficients.

Example:

(Second order)
Homogeneous Linear ODEs with
Constant Coefficients
A homogeneous linear ordinary differential equation (ODE) with constant coefficients is an equation
of the form:

a_ny^{(n)}+a_{n-1}y^{(n-1)}+...+a_1y'+a_0y=0

where y is a function of x, y', y'', ..., y^(n) denote the first n derivatives of y with respect to x, and a_0,
a_1, ..., a_n are constants.

Characteristic Equation:
To solve a homogeneous linear ODE with constant coefficients, we find the characteristic equation by
assuming a solution of the form y=.
Non-Homogeneous Linear ODEs with
Constant Coefficients:
Particular Solution: To solve a non-homogeneous linear ODE with constant coefficients, we
need to first find a particular solution. This is a solution that satisfies the non-homogeneous part
of the equation, but not necessarily the homogeneous part.
Method of Variation of Parameters: The method of variation of parameters is a technique to
find particular solutions for non-homogeneous linear ODEs with constant coefficients. It
involves assuming the particular solution has the same form as the homogeneous solution, but
with undetermined coefficients that depend on the independent variable.
Particular
integral:
Variation of
Parameter:
Thank You