MOUTH DISORDERS

CHAN DARA MD, MSC IN TROPICAL MEDICINE,

KHON KAEN UNIVERISY, THAILAND.

ANGKOR UNIVERISTY
 INTRODUCTION

Your mouth is one of the most important parts of your body. It has
many different functions. The two main functions of the mouth are
eating and speaking.

Any problem that affects your mouth can make it hard to eat, drink,
or even smile. Some disorders of the mouth include infections,
ulcers, cancer , cleft palate, and speech problems etc.
 MALFORMATION

 Labial frenulum

The labial frenulum is the

thin piece of tissue in the
mouth that connects the
gums to the upper lip.
 MALFORMATION

 Ankyloglossia
Ankyloglossia is a congenital
anomaly with a short lingual
frenulum or with a highly
attached genioglossus muscle
restricting tongue movement.
MALFORMATION
 Cleft lip and palate

 Cleft lip and cleft palate are among the most common birth
defects.
 Cause : interaction of genetic and environmental factors
Symtoms

Difficulty with feedings

Difficulty swallowing.

Nasal speaking voice

Chronic ear infections
 INFECTIONS OF THE MOUTH

Stomatitis

Stomatitis is an inflammation of the mucous lining of the mouth,

tongue, gingiva, lips, buccal surface, and floor of the mouth.

1. Risk factors
poor oral hygiene, malnutrition, dietary deficiencies, smoking, and
cancer therapies.
 INFECTIONS OF THE MOUTH
2. Clinical signs

•Dysphagia

•Anorexia

•Nausea and sometimes vomiting

3. Symptoms and signs:

•Red mucosa
•Mouth ulcers.
•Blisters.
•Vesicles.
•Swelling.
•With whites plaques.
 INFECTIONS OF THE MOUTH

4. Diagnosis.
Erythema and edema are the usual oral manifestations.
•Usually no tests are needed.
•Complete blood count
•Serologic testing for syphilis……..
 INFECTIONS OF THE MOUTH

5. Management
Treatment of stomatitis depends on the cause
Steroids, colchicine, and cytotoxic drugs.
Antibiotics are necessary for gangrenous
stomatitis.
 INFECTIONS OF THE MOUTH
 Candidiasis
Candidiasis is an infection of the oral mucosa by candida species.
The most prominent candida infection in humans is Candida
albicans.

1. Clinical symptoms

• White patches on the inner cheeks,

tongue, roof of the mouth, and throat
• Redness or soreness
• Cotton-like feeling in the mouth
• Loss of taste
• Pain while eating or swallowing
• Cracking and redness at the corners of the mouth
 INFECTIONS OF THE MOUTH

2. Risk factors:

Wear dentures

Have diabetes

Have cancer

Have HIV/AIDS

Antibiotics or corticosteroids.

Smoke.

3. Diagnosis : laboratory for testing small sample from the

mouth
 INFECTIONS OF THE MOUTH

4. Treatment:

Antifungal medicine applied to the inside of the mouth for 7 to 14
days. (clotrimazole, miconazole, or nystatin...)


Ex :Oral candidiasis with Gastrointestinal candidiasis.
1.NISTATIN 100 000-200 000u/day ,3 divided doses for 5-10days

2.Maintain good hydration and nutrition.

 INFECTIONS OF THE MOUTH

 Herpes Simplex
Herpes simplex is a viral infection caused by the
herpes simplex virus. Infections are categorized based on the part
of the body infected. Oral herpes involves the face or mouth.

1. Symptom
Painful, raised area of small,
fluid-filled blisters
 INFECTIONS OF THE MOUTH

2. cause :
HSV-1.
-Eating from the same utensils
-kissing
HSV-2 :Contracted through forms of sexual contact with a person.

3. Treatment :
•Antiviral creams, such as aciclovir and penciclovir.
•If infection : -Clean mouth and apply gentian violet
-Nutrition and Cotrimoxazole 5 days
 INFECTIONS OF THE MOUTH
 Caries
Caries is a chronic, transmissible disease caused by bacteria
using sugar to create an acidic environment that erodes the
teeth.

1. Risk factors
 Previous caries High oral bacterial counts
 Inadequate oral hygiene
 Inadequate exposure to fluoride Frequent consumption of
sugary foods, snacks, and drinks.

2. Clinical implications
 Untreated caries can lead to local and systemic infections.
 A cavity invades the pulp and root of the tooth, which includes
the nerves and blood supply.
INFECTIONS OF THE MOUTH
 Gum Disease
 Symptoms : Red, puffy, and
gums bleeding.
 Cause : bacteria, Smoking, poor
diet….
 INFECTIONS OF THE MOUTH

 Bright Red Tongue

 Kawasaki disease, a rare, serious

illness that inflames blood vessels all
over the body, most often in
children.
 Scarlet fever: Red tongue, smooth
and mouth pain .
 Vitamin B3 deficiency.
 INFECTIONS OF THE MOUTH
 Bad Breath
1.Cause
 Bacteria from Unbrushed teeth
 Dry mouth, tooth decay.
 Gum disease, or even
diabetes…..
2. Treatment
 Antiseptic mouthwash daily,
 Drinking water, and avoiding
food triggers.
 Malignant lesions

 Oral Cancer
Malignancies arising from the lips, tongue, floor of the mouth,
salivary glands, buccal mucosa, gums, hard and soft palate,
oropharynx, nasopharynx, and hypopharynx.

1. Risk factors
75% of head and neck cancers are linked to tobacco,Ultraviolet light
exposures increase risk for cancers of the lips.

2. Prevalence
Occurrence is 12/100,000/y for oral cancers and when head and neck
cancers are taken collectively there are 53,000 new cases annually
and 11,500 deaths per year.
 Malignant lesions

3. Clinical manifestition
• Mouth sore that doesn't go away.
• Unexplained numbness in the face, mouth,
or neck.
• Problems chewing, speaking or swallowing.

4. Management
 Biopsy All white or erythematous lesions.
 Prevention should include advising all
patients to avoid tobacco products.
 REFERENCES
1. Cinnamon L. VanPutte, Jennifer L. Regan, Andrew F. Russo. SEELEY’S ESSENTIALS OF
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY, TENTH EDITION. 2019 by McGraw-Hill Education.
2. Erin C. Amerman. Exploring Anatomy & Physiology in the Laboratory: Core Concepts.
2018, by Morton Publishing Company.