Cable –

Computer
Science
By Joffrin and Ilaan
Transmission
Media
 Transmission Media
• Transmission
media is a • Transmission media
is of two types are
communication wired media and
channel that carries wireless media. In
the information wired media, medium
from the sender to characteristics are
the receiver. more important
whereas, in wireless
• The main media, signal
functionality of the characteristics are
transmission media more important.
is to carry the
information in the
form of bits
through LAN
Coaxial
 Coaxial

What Does Coaxial Cable Mean? A coaxial

cable is a type of shielded and insulated
copper cable that is used in computer
networks and to deliver cable TV services
to end users. It was first commercially
implemented in the early 1940s and is
used for both baseband and broadband data
communication services.
Fiber Optics
 Fiber Optics
Two types of fiber optics
What is fiber optics?

Fiber optics, or optical fiber, Single-mode fiber Multimode fiber

refers to the technology that
transmits information as
light pulses along a glass or
plastic fiber.
How fiber optics works?
Fiber optics transmit data in
the form of light particles --
or photons -- that pulse
through a fiber optic cable.
The glass fiber core and the
cladding each have a
different refractive index that
Single-mode fiber is used for longer distances due to
the
smaller diameter of the glass fiber core. This smaller
diameter lessens the possibility for attenuation, which
is a reduction in signal strength. The smaller opening
isolates the light into a single beam, offering a more
direct route and enabling the signal to travel a longer
distance. Advantages
• They support higher bandwidth capacities.
• Light can travel further without needing as much of a
signal boost.
• They are less susceptible to interference, such as
electromagnetic interference.
• They can be submerged in water.
• Fiber optic cables are stronger, thinner and lighter than
copper wire cables.
• They do not need to be maintained or replaced as
Multimode fiber is used for shorter distances because
the larger core opening enables light signals to
bounce and reflect more along the way. The larger
diameter permits multiple light pulses to be sent
through the cable at one time, which results in more
data transmission. This also means there is more
possibility for signal loss, reduction or interference,
however. Multimode fiber optics typically uses an
LED to create the light pulse.
Disadvantages
•Copper wire is often cheaper than fiber optics.
•Glass fiber requires more protection within an outer cable
than copper.
•Installing new cabling is labor-intensive.
•Fiber optic cables are often more fragile. For example, the
fibers can be broken or a signal can be lost if the cable is bent
or curved around a radius of a few centimeters

bends incoming light at a frequently.

Twisted
 Twisted
1. Unshielded Twisted Pair Cables (UTP) Shielded Twisted Pair Cables (STP)

These are a pair of two insulated copper wires twisted
together without any other insulation or shielding and
hence are called unshielded twisted pair cables. They
reduce the external interference due to the presence of
insulation. Unshielded twisted pair cables are arranged
in pairs so that we can add a new connection whenever
required
Advantages Disadvantages
These types of cables have extra insulation or
protective covering over the conductors in the form of
a copper braid covering. This covering provides
strength to the overall structure of the cable. It also
reduces noise and signal interference in the cable. The
shielding ensures that the induced signal can be
returned to the source via ground and only circulate
around the shield without affecting the main
Advantagessignal.
propagating Disadvantages

1. These cables are cost-effective
and easy to install owing to
their compact size.
2. They are generally used for
short-distance transmission of
both voice and data.
3. It is less costly as compared to
other types of cables.
1. The connection established
using UTP is not secure.
2. They are efficient only for a
distance up to 100 meters
and have to be installed in
pieces of up
3. These cables have limited
bandwidth.
to 100 meters.
1. They are generally used for
long-distance communication
and transmission and are
installed underground.
2. The protective shield prevents
external electromagnetic noise
penetration into the cable.
3. They have a higher bandwidth as
compared to UTP.
1. These cables are very expensive.
2. They require a lot of
maintenance which increases the
cost more.
3. These can be installed
underground only.
4. The length of the segment is
similar to UTP for these cables.
End
Any questions?