BIOTECHNOLOGY

AND ITS ROLE IN

OVERCOMING THE
WORLD FOOD CRISIS
(Environmental Consideration)

Prof. Suranto, Ph.D.

Head of The Environmental Science Doctoral Program
Universitas Sebelas Maret
Surakarta 2020
INTRODUCTION
SCIENCE
AND
TECHNOLOGY

BASIC SCIENCES
1.PHYSIC
2.CHEMISRY
3.BIOLOGY
4.MATH
SHOULD BE GOOD
 BASIC SCIENCE
PHYSIC –CHEMISTRY– BIOLOGY - MATHEMATIC

AGRICULTURE
MEDECINE
BIOTECHNOLOGY
BIOMETRI
COMPUTER SCIENCE
GEOGRAPHY
BIOCHEMISTRY
BIOPHYSIC

GOOD RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ABOVE SUBJECTS WILL DETERMINE

THE QUALITY OF HUMANBEING AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
 BIOTECHNOLOGY
DEVELOPMENT OF BIOTECH, SUPPORTED BY
1. BIOLOGY
2. CHEMISTRY
3. PHYSIC ETC.
 1917  - KARL ERECKY
- HONGARIAN SCIENTISTS
- FIRST USE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
- USING SUGAR BEET IN FEEDING CATLLES
1940an  - Antibiotika (Pinisilin)
- HUGE PRODUCTIONS
 1950 - 1960an  - Era DNA  SS
 DS
 1970an  - Gene TechnologY
- INSULIN PRODUCES BY MAN AND ANIMALS
- THEN PRODUCED BY E.coly
 1980an  - automatic DNA squencers used
- VACSIN – RDNA TECHNOLOGY
 1980 – 1990an SEQUENSING DNA AUTOMATICALLY
OPERATED
 RECOMBINANT TECHNOLOGY TO
PRODUCEVACSIN
 PCR (IN AMPLIFYING DNA)
 CLONING  ANIMALS
 TRANSGENIC PLANTS

COULD BIOTECHNOLOGICAL
APPROACHES SOLVE THE
WORLD FOOD CRISIS
 WORLD PROBLEMS

 The Growth POPULATION in the world is very

high
 Decreasing good agricultural soil
 Plant diseases (Virus)
Solution
 Could biotechnological approaches solved the
above problem?
increase in world population in
1950–1990 with projections up to 2030

Countries Total population ( X million people) Increase from

1990- 2030
1950 1990 2030

Germany 68 80 81 1
France 42 57 62 5
Italy 47 58 56 -2
England 50 58 60 2
Japan 84 124 123 -1
USA 152 250 345 95
China 563 1134 1624 490
India 369 853 1443 590
Indonesia 83 189 307 118
Comparison between production and consumption
of grains products in Asian and America

Countries 1950 1990 2030

P C P C P C
USA 133 121 290 214 377 295

China 109 109 329 335 263 479

India 57 55 48 158 222 267
Pakistan 6 6 19 20 28 54
Indonesia 12 12 34 37 48 60
Egypt 4 5 11 19 18 39

*P = Production
C = Consumption
Rice production of seven-Asian countries
(tons/ha)
No Countries Total product
1 Thailand 3.1
2 Myanmar 3.8
3 Philipine 4.0
4 Indonesia 4.8
5 Vietnam 5.8
6 Japan 6.6
7 China 7.0

Extracted from Bustanil Arifin (2020)

• During 2018-2019;
• Indonesian Goverment has special action to plant;
Rice,Maize and Soy bean by improving areas total
numbers used.
Indonesian Rice Production (million/ha) and areas used for
planting(million-ha)
-Year 2018 2019
Total Areas 11.28 10.68
Rice production I 59.18 51.83
II 33.94 31.29
Average-rp 5.2 tons/ha 4.8 tons/ha
Why do we need food crops that are resistant to
pests and diseases (transgenic)?

Losses by pests and diseases reached 37%

of total production. In the United States,
losses, if cashed, reach Rp.61.60 trillion
per year
Global Area of Biotech Crops
1996 –2009
( millions ha )
 8 from 25 Countries
Year 2009
1. USA : 64 m ( 48 % )
2. Brazil : 21.4 m ( 16% )
3. Argentina : 21.3 m ( 16 % )
4. India : 8.4 m ( 6 % )
5. Canada : 8.2 m ( 6 % )
6. China : 3.7 m ( 3 % )
7. Paraguay : 2.2 m ( 2 % )
8. South Africa: 2.1 m ( 2 % )
Progress of Biotech Research in Indonesia

Biotech
Molecular Biology Crops

The Development of research project in GMO

-Tissue Culture Genetic

- Soil Microbiology Engineering
Global Concern

• Environment

• Human Health
 Indonesian Position
Accept
GEP
( Biotech Crop )
Precautionary Approach
Risk Analysis
We required
• Regulation
• Regulatory Bodies
• Biosafety Containment ( BCL 3
for plants and animal vaccines
Modern Biotechnology Products

Golden Rice. Golden Rice has been genetically engineered to produce more the
increased concentration of makes the rice look more gold in color than
nonmodified rice.

Corn plants have been enginered to kill the

insects that eat them.
 (Scope of Environmental Problems)

(Depletion Ozon Layers)

(Global Warming)

(Transgenic organisme)

(Natural Resources Damage)

(Environmental pollution)
How about if we are dealing with recombinant
virus?
 Properties of The Potyvirus Group
Morphology Flexeuous filaments, 680-900 nm long and 11 nm wide

Protein One coat polypeptide, M.W. 30 000 – 46 000 95% of particle

weight
Nucleic acid One molecule of linear positive-sense single stranded RNA, 10
kb in length, 5% of particle weight

Cytopathology Characteristic cylindrical inclusions appearing in pinwheel

Transmission Transmitted mechanically, and by aphids, fungi, mites or

whiteflies

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Genome Organization of Potyviruses

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 Structure and function Gen of Potyvirus

• RNA replicase

• Protection of genomic RNA

• Virus movement
• Aphid transmission

Sourch : Revers, F., & García, J. A. (2015). Molecular biology of potyviruses. In Advances in virus research (Vol. 92, pp. 101-
199). Academic Press.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

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