Peptic Ulcer

Submitted to: Dr. Ammara

Saleem
Submitted by : Group E
(527115,28,16,67,06,51)
 Definition
• Peptic ulcers are the areas of degeneration and
necrosis of gastrointestinal mucosa exposed to acid-
peptic secretions.
• Though they can occur at any level of the alimentary
Peptic ulcer tract that is exposed to hydrochloric acid and pepsin,
they occur most commonly (98-99%) in either the
duodenum or the stomach in the ratio of 4:1.
• Each of the two main types may be acute or chronic.
Types

• There are primarily two types of peptic ulcers:

1. Gastric Ulcers: These ulcers form in the lining of the stomach.
2. Duodenal Ulcers: These ulcers develop in the upper part of the small
intestine, called the duodenum.
Duodenal ulcer Gastric ulcer
Etiology
• The etiology of peptic ulcers involves various factors:
1. Helicobacter pylori gastritis: A bacterial infection that commonly affects the
stomach lining. About 15-20% cases infected with H. Pylori in the antrum
develop duodenal ulcer in their life time while gastric colonisation by H.
Pylori never develops ulceration and remain asymptomatic. H. Pylori can be
identified in mucosal samples by histologic examination.
2. NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs): Prolonged use of
medications like aspirin or ibuprofen can contribute to ulcer formation.
3. Excessive Stomach Acid: Overproduction of stomach acid can lead to erosion
of the protective mucosal lining.
Cont...

4. Genetic Factors: Some individuals may be genetically predisposed

to developing peptic ulcers.People with blood group O appear to be
more prone to develop peptic ulcers than those with other blood groups.
5. Lifestyle Factors: Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can
increase the risk.
6. Psychological factors: Psychological stress, anxiety, fatigue may
exacerbate as well as predispose to peptic ulcer disease.