Text Summarization

22MCA025 Kivant Lohar

22MCA032 Hardik Mali
22MCA034 Mohammed Aashir Mansuri
Introduction

Text summarization is the process of distilling the essential information from a

given text while preserving its key ideas and meaning. It involves condensing a
longer document into a concise version, making it easier for readers to grasp the
main points quickly. Summarization can be done manually or through automated
techniques, with the latter often employing natural language processing and
machine learning algorithms to generate concise and coherent summaries.
Text summarization Classification
The text summarization process can be broadly classified
into two major categories: abstractive and extractive text
summarization. Abstractive summary involved in creating
new sentences in summary and are not from the input
documents. Extractive summary fetches most relevant
keywords from the input document and lists according to the
relevance of the context.
 Hybrid Approach

This hybrid approach mainly based on extractive

summarization. The proposed approach combines the concept
of statistical measure, sentiment analysis and finally uses the
concept of fuzzy logic to select sentence.
Extractive summarization: This method involves selecting key sentences or phrases from the
original text and presenting them as a summary. This can be done using techniques such as
keyword extraction or text ranking. Extractive summarization is relatively simple to implement and
can be effective for some tasks, but it is limited by the quality of the original text and may not
always produce a summary that is coherent or easy to understand

Abstractive summarization: This method involves generating a summary that is a shorter version
of the original text, but may include new words and phrases that are not present in the original.
This can be done using techniques such as machine translation or text generation using deep
learning models. Abstractive summarization is more challenging to implement and requires more
resources, but it can produce more human-like summaries that are more coherent and easier to
understand.
Abstractive Text Summarization
● Abstractive summarization goes beyond selecting and rearranging sentences; it involves a deep
understanding of the context within the source document.
● The system interprets the meaning of the text and generates new, coherent sentences that may
not be present in the original document.
● Below the figure shows abstractive text summarization system architecture
Abstractive Text Summarization methods
Extractive Text Summarization

● An extractive summarization technique consists of selecting vital sentences, paragraphs, etc,

from the original manuscript and concatenating them into a shorter form
● Extractive Text Summarization methods can be broadly classified as Unsupervised Learning
and Supervised learning methods.
● Fig 1 shows the extractive text summarization system architecture
Extractive Text Summarization methods
Related Work
Title
Abstractive Text Summarization using
Sequence-to-sequence RNNs and
Beyond
Deep Learning Based Abstractive Text
Summarization:Approaches, Datasets,
Evaluation Measures, and Challenges
Author Description
Ramesh Nallapati, The document discusses the task of abstractive text
Bowen Zhou, summarization and proposes several novel models to
improve the performance of the basic architecture.The
Cicero dos Santos,
models address various challenges in summarization,
Ça˘glar G˙ulçehre, such as modeling keywords, capturing the hierarchy of
Bing Xiang sentence-to-word structure, and handling rare or
unseen words The document also provides qualitative
analysis of the model outputs, highlighting their
strengths and weaknesses.
Dima Suleiman, Dim The survey reviews recent research in abstractive
Arafat Awajan summarization based on neural networks and presents
a conceptual framework that includes key elements
such as encoder-decoder architecture, mechanisms,
training strategies and optimization algorithms, dataset,
and evaluation metric.The document also discusses the
challenges and issues with existing systems, including
factual inaccuracies, repetition, and out-of-vocabulary
words.
Related Work

Title Author Description

Automatic text
summarization: A
comprehensive survey
Wafaa S.El-Kassas, The paper provides a comprehensive survey on automatic
Cherif R. Salama, text summarization (ATS) systems.The paper covers three
main approaches to text summarization: extractive,
Ahmed A. Rafea,
abstractive, and hybrid.The paper discusses different
Hoda K. Mohamed methods within each approach. The paper also highlights
the importance of combining outputs from multiple ATS
algorithms to produce better summaries. It suggests that
hybrid ATS systems, which combine extractive and
abstractive approaches, can provide more comprehensive
and accurate summaries.

A Survey on Extractive Text
Summarization
N.Moratanch, The paper is a survey on extractive text summarization
S.Chitrakala techniques. It discusses the problem of condensing large
text documents into concise summaries. The authors
classify text summarization techniques into abstractive and
extractive methods, with a focus on extractive
summarization. The paper reviews various techniques,
benchmarking datasets, and challenges in extractive
summarization. It also discusses the evaluation metrics
used to assess the quality of summaries.
Conclusion

In conclusion, this review sheds light on various mechanisms of extractive text summarization,
emphasizing its coherence, reduced redundancy, and information-rich nature. Despite advancements in
summarization research, challenges remain, and further exploration is needed. The focus has shifted
from scientific articles to diverse content types, with simple sentence elimination yielding satisfactory
results. While strides have been made in automatic evaluation, attention to the specific challenges of
extractive summarization, especially in terms of time and space complexity, is crucial for future
progress
Thank you!