(FORM 6 BIOLOGY

)
PROTEIN
• Amino Acids
• Polymerisation of
Amino Acids
• Protein Structures
• Classification of
Proteins
• Properties of Protein
Protein
-Organic Macromolecules; Natural Polymer; Amino Acid as Monomer
Elements of Protein Type of Bond/Linkage
• Carbon * • Peptide Bond
• Hydrogen * *Each polypeptide chain is a
• Oxygen * polymer consisting of many basic
units of amino acids linked
• Nitrogen* together by peptide bonds,
• Sulphur through condensation reactions.
• Phosphorus
1. Amino Acids
-Each amino acids have the same
basic structures but differ in their
R-side chains.
Types of Group
• Acidic carboxyl (-COOH)
• Basic amino (-NH²)

*Having both basic & acidic

properties makes them
amphoteric.
• There are 20
types of amino
acids found in
proteins.
Different amino
acids have
different R
chain.
Classification of
Amino Acids based 1. Non-polar Amino Acids
on R-side Chain
• Non-polar
• Polar
• Acidic
• Basic
2. Polar Amino Acids
3. Electrically Charged (Negatively & Positively)
2. Polymerisation of Amino Acids
• The amino acids are linked
by peptide bonds, a type of
covalent bond is formed
when a water molecule is
eliminated during a
reaction between the
carboxyl group of one
amino acid & the amino
group of another.
3. Protein Structures
Levels of Structure
• Primary structure
• Secondary structure
• Tertiary structure
• Quaternary structure
4. Classification of Protein
a) Based on Structure c) Based on Function
• Fibrous Proteins • Enzymatic Protein
• Transport Protein
• Globular Proteins
• Homeostasis Protein
• Intermediate Proteins • Hormonal Protein
b) Based on Composition • Receptor Protein
• Simple Proteins • Defence Protein
• Structural Protein
• Conjugated Proteins
• Contractile Protein
• Storage Protein
• Growth Protein
a) Based on Structure
b) Based on Composition
c) Based on Functions