FIRST AID

EMERGENCY
ACTION PRINCIPLES
SCENE SIZE - UP
 ACTIVATE MEDICAL ASSISTANCE
(AMA) OR TRANSFER FACILITY
CALL first – Cardiac
origin
CPR first –

Respiratory origin
 PRIMARY ASSESSMENT
 CHECK FOR:
 LOC
 ACTIVATE MEDICAL ASSISTANCE
 CHECK FOR CIRCULATION (LESS THAN 10

SEC) IF (-), CIRCULATION, GIVE 30

COMPRESSIONS
 OPEN AIRWAY
 GIVE 2 VENTILATIONS
 SECONDARY ASSESSMENT OF THE
VICTIM
 PERFORM HEAD TO TOE ASSESSMENT.
REFERRAL OF THE VICTIM FOR FURTHER
EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT
ITREFERS TO THE
TRANSFER OF A VICTIM
TO A HOSPITAL OR
HEALTH CARE FACILITY IF
NECESSARY FOR A
DEFINITIVE TREATMENT.
CHAIN OF SURVIVAL
IHCA
OHCA
CPR FOR PREGNANT AND OBESE
 MANUAL LEFT
UTERINE
DISPLACEMENT
 TIME IS BRAIN!!!
 CLINICAL DEATH:
 0 – 1 MIN CARDIAC IRRITABILITY
 1 – 4 MIN BRAIN DAMAGE NOT LIKELY
 4 – 6 MIN BRAIN DAMAGE POSSIBLE

 BIOLOGICAL DEATH:
 6 – 10 MIN BRAIN DAMAGE VERY LIKELY
 OVER 10 MIN – IRREVERSIBLE BRAIN DAMAGE
CRITERIA FOR NOT STARTING CPR
 THE PATIENT HAS A VALID “ALLOW NATURAL
DEATH” ORDER.
 THE PATIENT HAS SIGNS OF IRREVESIBLE

DEATH.
 NO PHYSIOLOGICAL BENEFIR CAN BE

EXPECTED.
 CONFIRMED GESTATION OF LESS THAN 23

WEEKS AOG OR BW OF 400 GMS

 ANENCEPHALY
 CONFIRMED TRISOMY 13 OR 18
 RIGOR MORTIS  ANENCEPHALY
 TRISOMY 13  TRISOMY 18
 WHEN TO STOP CPR?
 S – SPONTANEOUS signs of circulation
restored.
 T - TURNED OVER to medical

services/properly trained personnel

 O – OPERATOR is already exhausted and

cannot continue CPR

 P- PHYSICIAN assumes responsibility
 S – SCENE becomes unsafe.
 S – SIGNED WAIVER to stop CPR
AED – AUTOMATED EXTERNAL
DEFIBRILLATOR
 is used to help those experiencing sudden
cardiac arrest. It's a sophisticated, yet easy-
to-use, medical device that can analyze the
heart's rhythm and, if necessary, deliver an
electrical shock, or defibrillation, to help the
heart re-establish an effective rhythm.