Parliament and President

All major key points

 Union Parliament
 It is the Legislative body at the central level which
consists of 2 houses, LOK SABHA and RAJYA
SABHA.
 The Union Legislature is a law making body, which is
responsible to introduce a new law or for interpreting
the existing laws(constitution).
 The members in both the houses are elected as well as
India as a Federal Nation:
• India has two sets of governments; one at State
and another at Central level
• Both the bodies have got their separate powers
• India has a written constitution
• India has got a Supreme Judicial Body to
interpret the Constitution
 LOK SABHA
• COMPOSITION:552 members(530 elected from state, 20 from union territory and 2 nominated from Anglo-Indian
Committee)
• MANNER OF ELECTION: Direct Election(the Indian public votes for their representative in the Parliament)
• TENURE: 5 years( can be extended for 1 year during National Emergency)
• QUALIFICATIONS: i.)must be an Indian
ii.)must not hold any term of profit
iii.)not be undischarged in solvent
iv.)minimum age of 25 years
• PRESIDING OFFICER: The Speaker( in absence of the speaker, Deputy Speaker)
• QUORUM: 1/10th of the total strength of Lok Sabha
• BILL THAT CAN BE PASSED: Non Money Bill
Money Bill
 RAJYA SABHA
• COMPOSITION:250 members(238 elected from state legislature and 12 nominated by the President)
• MANNER OF ELECTION: Indirect Election(the people from LOK SABHA and the State Legislature votes )
• TENURE: No Tenure; it is a permanent house(after every 2 year 13 members retire, tenure of members is 6
years)
• QUALIFICATIONS: i.)must be an Indian
ii.)must not hold any term of profit
iii.)not be undischarged in solvent
iv.)minimum age of 35 years
• PRESIDING OFFICER: The Chairman(the Vice President of India; Deputy Chairman is also there)
• QUORUM: 1/10th of the total strength of Rajya Sabha
• BILL THAT CAN BE PASSED: Non Money Bill
 The Speaker
• The Speaker presides over the sessions of the Lok Sabha as well as the joint sitting of both the
houses.
• Speaker is the final judge to decide on the admissibility of a motion of adjournment.
• In case of grave disorder, the speaker can adjourn the house.
• Speaker allows the admission of strangers and press correspondents to the gallaries of the
house.
• Speaker appoints Chairpersons of all the committees of the House.
• The current speaker of the Lok Sabha is Mr. Om Birla.
 Control Over Executive
• ADJOURNMENT MOTION: consideration of urgent public emergencies by keeping
all the works aside
• NO-CONFIDENCE MOTION: passed against the ruling parties with the support of
50 members where the ruling government has to resign.
• QUESTION HOUR: a time period when the opposition asks with the confirmation to
the speaker.
• ZERO HOUR: this time, opposition questions without the confirmation
 The Vice President
• The Vice President or the Chairman is the presiding officer of the Rajya
Sabha.
• Its elections is done by the electoral college consisting of the member of
parliament.
• During the vacancy of the President’s office, the Vice President exercises
its power
• This time, the Deputy Chairman presides over the Rajya Sabha sessions.
 TYPES OF SESSIONS

BUDGET WINTER MONSOON

SESSION SESSION SESSION

NOTE: the maximum duration between two sessions is 6 months

 THE PRESIDENT
• The President is the Chief Executive in India as well as the first citizen of the Indian
Republic.
• The President must be qualified to be a member of Lok Sabha and must not hold any term
of profit.
• He/she holds the term of office of 5 years. But, till the new President has been elected, the
old President will continue to hold the office after expiring.
• The president is elected by the Electoral College consisting of the member of parliament
and the state legislature. The Chief Justice of India administers oath to the president.
• The President is the nominal head of the state. This is because majority powers of the
president is exercised by the aid and advice of the Prime Minister.
 EXECUTIVE POWERS
• All the executive orders are issued in the name of the president
• The president appoints the council of ministers on the advice of the Prime
Minister
• The Attorney General of India, Governor of state, Audit General of India
etc. are appointed by the President.
• Every Union Territory is administered by the President
• With the help of the Governor, the President keeps control over the state.
 LEGISLATIVE POWER
• The President has the power to prorogue the House of Parliament and summon the Lok
Sabha
• Two members in Lok Sabha and twelve members I Rajya Sabha are nominated by the
President
• The President addresses both the houses at the first session of the General Assembly
• Any bill requires the assent of the President to become an law
• The President has the power to promulgate Ordinance( a direction or command of an
authoritative nature which has the same power and as an Act.
 DISCRETIONARY POWER
• The President may withhold assent to a bill or may send it back for reconsideration, if
not a Money Bill
• The President is at liberty to decide what is right or proper
• Under a condition of no party or leader after general election, the president has the
freedom to decide who should be appointed as Prime Minister
• The President can explore the possibility of forming an alternative government at the
Centre
• If failing the above power, the president can dissolve the Lok Sabha.
 Emergency Power
• The President can declare the following emergencies under the given circumstances:

EMERGENCIES ARTICLE CIRCUMSTANCES

NATIONAL EMERGENCY
STATE EMERGENCY
FINANCIAL EMERGENCY
352 1. EXTERNAL AGGRESSION
2. ARMED REBELLATION
356 BREAKDOWN OF CONSTITUTIONAL
MACHINERY, PRESIDENT GETS WRITTEN
REPORT BY THE GOVERNOR
360 WHEN THERE IS A THREAT TO FINANCIAL
STABILITY, OR CREDIT OF COUNTRY
THANK
YOUMADE BY: RUSHIL MISHRA
CLASS: 10TH B
W.H. SMITH MEMORIAL SCHOOL