For Aristotle, virtue involves moderation between extremes of excess and deficiency. Courage strikes a mean between cowardice and rashness. Temperance is the mean between self-indulgence and incapability of enjoying pleasure. Generosity is the mean between cheapness and wastefulness. Proper pride is the mean between self-shame and arrogance. Fair-mindedness is the mean between being covetous and dominating versus altruistic. The document instructs readers to rate themselves on virtues and vices, and develop plans of action for deficiencies or excesses.
For Aristotle, virtue involves moderation between extremes of excess and deficiency. Courage strikes a mean between cowardice and rashness. Temperance is the mean between self-indulgence and incapability of enjoying pleasure. Generosity is the mean between cheapness and wastefulness. Proper pride is the mean between self-shame and arrogance. Fair-mindedness is the mean between being covetous and dominating versus altruistic. The document instructs readers to rate themselves on virtues and vices, and develop plans of action for deficiencies or excesses.
For Aristotle, virtue involves moderation between extremes of excess and deficiency. Courage strikes a mean between cowardice and rashness. Temperance is the mean between self-indulgence and incapability of enjoying pleasure. Generosity is the mean between cheapness and wastefulness. Proper pride is the mean between self-shame and arrogance. Fair-mindedness is the mean between being covetous and dominating versus altruistic. The document instructs readers to rate themselves on virtues and vices, and develop plans of action for deficiencies or excesses.
MODULE LESSON What is judged to be good are actions. But these are actions that are done voluntarily or out of your own freedom and knowledge of what you are doing. And if you act upon these chosen actions, this is what makes your character. As the saying goes, “you are, what you do.” Hence, a consistent state of character is what you call virtue. For Aristotle, Virtue involves striking a mean between extremes of action and passion or what he calls “vices”. Excess is having too much of something. While deficiency, on the other hand, is having to little of something. To strike the mean is not mediocrity but attainment of harmony and balance. Deficiency VIRTUE Excess Cowardice COURAGE Rashness Self-indulgent TEMPERANCE Anhedonic (drunken, glutton, (healthy moderation) (incapable of promiscuous) enjoying pleasure)
Cheapness GENEROSITY Wastefulness
Self-Shame, PROPER PRIDE Arrogance, Vanity
Servility (& high ambition) (bloated self- (low self-esteem) esteem)
covetous, FAIR-MINDEDNESS Altruistic
dominator MODULE ACTIVITY 1 Rate yourself if you are excessive, deficient, or virtuous by putting a check mark in the box of each row. If you answer excessive or deficient, make some plan of action that would make you virtuous. If you answer virtuous, write down the things that you do to justify your answer. Deficiency VIRTUE Excess Plan of Action Cowardice COURAGE Rashness
Self-indulgent TEMPERANCE Anhedonic
(drunken, (healthy (incapable of glutton, moderation) enjoying promiscuous) pleasure)