Muslim Rule in India 712-1857

Bright Future Academy 0302-4638358
MUSLIM RULE IN INDIA 712-1857

Sir Usman Malik FPSC Qualifier
Indus Valley Civilization
 Civilization: An advance society, in a specific area
is called a Civilization.
 Indus Valley: It means that area which is irrigated
by the river indus and its tributary rivers.
 In 1922AD archeological experts under the
supervision of Sir John Marshal the ruins of two
sites.
 1)Moyen-Jo-Darro 2) Harrapa

Indus Valley Civilization
 The following place show where the ruins of Indus
Valley Civilization are Found.
 1)Moyen-Jo-Darro 2) Harrapa Distance 720Km
 3)Mehgarh 4) Rehman Dheri
 Stone age: 2.5 million to 2500 BC.
 Bronze Age: 2500BC to 1500 BC.
 Iron age: After 1500BC.
 The Aryans came from Central Asia in 1500BC.

Alexander’s Invasion 356BC-323BC
 Egyptian Civilization developed near river Nile.

 Mesopotamian: It is old Name Iraq.
 Sumerian Civilization: This was the oldest
Civilization of southern Iraq.
 Alexander the great was born in a town of
Macedonia state of Greece 356BC.
 Father of Alexander “Phillip” was a ruler of
Macedonia and was a very wise man.

Alexander’s Invasion
 In 336BC Alexander took over as a King of
Macedonia.
 Alexander after Conquering Iran,Egypt,Iraq and
Syria included all this in to his Kingdom.
 In327BC Alexander’s crossed river Indus near
Hund(Swabi) and captured Taxila.
 On the Bank of River Jhelum, Alexander had to flight
with Hindu Raja Porus.
 Alexander reached Babylon where died at the age of
33 yearsin 323BC.
Mauryan Kindom (324BC-184BC)
 The Head of Mauyran Dynasty Chander Gupt
Maurya established govt in indo pak in 324BC.
 Ashoke the Great(273BC-232BC)
 He was born in 293BC. Buddhism
 Ashoke Father Name Was Bandusara
 He took over as a king of India, in 273BC.
 Ashoke ruled in India for 40 years and died in 232BC.
 First Univ in the world---Taxila Univ Punjab Pak
 Ashoke the great
 The Guptas Dynasty (320CE-550CE)
 In Gupa period the literary personality is called
“Kalidas” and European Critics called as Indian
“Shakespears”
 Harsha’s Dynasty (606AD-647AD)

Muhammad bin Qasim Al-Thaqafi (31 December 695–
18 July 715)
 Umayyad General
 Iraq Governor, Hijaj bin Yousaf (661AD-714 AD)
 Married his Daughter Zubaida
 Foundation of Islamic Rule in Subcontinent

Causes of Sindh Invasion
 Attacked by Raja Dahir’s forces on Muslim’s ship

 The Arab were imprisoned later on by the Debal
Governor, Partaab Raye
 Refusal of Raja Dahir (663AD-712AD)
 Hijaj sent Muhammad Bin Qasim for this expedition
in 711 A.D

Campaign
 Third Expedition
 Makran Arman Belah (lasbela)
 Debal (Karachi), Sadusan (Sehwan)
 Nerun (Hyd), Brahamnabad (Shehdad Pur)
 Ar-rur (Rohri,Nawabshah) met by Dahir's forces
Captured (Multan)

Reason for Success
 Superior military equipment
 Troop discipline and leadership.
 The concept of Jihad as a morale booster.
 Religion; the widespread belief in the prophecy of
Muslim success.
 The ‘Samanis” the majority of the population was
Buddhist who were dissatisfied with their rulers,
who were Hindu.

Death
 Revolt in Umayyad
 Death of Hijaj bin Yousaf
 M.B Qasim Return
 Murdered on way

Tariq ibn Ziyad
 Military commander
 Born: 670 AD
 Died: 720 AD, Damascus, Syria
 Battles/wars: Conquest of Hispania,
 Other work: Governor of Tangier; Governor of Al-Andalus
 Battle of Guadalete: April 26, 711, the army of Ṭāriq,
composed of recent converts to Islam, was landed on the
Iberian peninsula (in what is now Spain) by Julian. ...
Ṭāriq won a decisive victory when Roderic was defeated
and killed on July 19 at the Battle of Guadalete.

Sultan Mehmood Ghaznavi (November 2, 971 -
April 30, 1030)
 Son of Sabuktagin (977AD-997AD)

 Ruled from 997 to 1030 Dynasty (Afghanistan,
Eastern Iran, Pakistan, North Eest India).
 Sultan Mehmood Ghaznavi invaded India for
17times during 1001AD to 1026AD.
 Occupation of the Punjab: Mehmmod took over the
whole of punjab in1021AD and made Lahore as its
capital. Ayaz was appointed the Governor.

Sultan Mehmood Ghaznavi
 1026 Attack on Somnath Temple.
 1001 Attack on Raja Jaipal.
 Kidnapper of intellectual is also called Mahmood
Ghaznavi
 Sultan title Mahmood Ghanznavi

Al-Biruni
 Born: September 4, 973, Beruniy
 Died: December 9, 1048, Ghazni
 When did Al Beruni Visit India 1017
 Main Interested: Physics, Anthropology,
Astronomy, Sociology.
 Discovered: Radius near Nandana Fort(Pindi
Dadan Khan), Jhelum.
 Book Name: Kitab-ul-Hind

Ali Hajveri or Data Ganj Bakhsh
 Born: 1009, Ghazni, Afghanistan
 Died: 1072, Lahore
 Full name: Abu'l Hasan Bin Usman Bin Ali Al-
Jalabi Al-Hujwiri (ra)
 Book Name: Kashf-al-mahjub

Mu'izz ad-Din Mohammad Ghori (1149-1206)
 1191 First Battle of Tarain

 Prithviraj Chauhan defeated Mohd. Ghor.i.
 1192 2nd Battle of Tarain
 Mohd. Ghor.i defeated Prithviraj Chauhan.

SLAVE DYNASTY- 1206 AD-1290 AD

 IMPORTANT BUILDINGS BUILT DURING

SLAVE DYNASTY
 QUTUB MINAR Delhi
 KUWAIT – UL- ISLAM MOSQUE Delhi
 ADHAI DIN KA JHONPARA The city of Ajmer in
Rajasthan, India.

 MOHAMMED GHAURI'S SLAVES, QUTB-UD~.AIBAK, WHOM.THAT

EASTERN PERSIAN PRINCE APPOINTED AS GOVERNOR OF HIS
POSSESSIONS IN INDIA IN A.D., 1191, WAS THE FIRST RULER OF THIS
DYNASTY.
 HE WAS EVENTUALLY CONFINED TO BEING A PURELY INDIAN
SOVEREIGN. HE DIED IN 1210 AS A RESULT OF A POLO ACCIDENT, AND
THE CROWN SHORTLY PASSED TO SHAMS-UD-DIN ILTUTMISH, HIS
SON-IN-LAW.
 AFTER THE DEATH OF ILTUTMISH, HIS ABLE DAUGHTER RAZIYYA
SULTAN ATTEMPTED TO SERVE AS SULTAN BUT WAS DEFEATED BY
OPPOSING TURKISH SLAVE NOBLES. AFTER 1246 THE SULTANATE
WAS CONTROLLED BY GHIYĀS- UD-DĪN BALBAN, WHO WAS TO BE
SULTAN HIMSELF FROM 1266 TO 1287.
 THE SLAVE DYNASTY ENDED WHEN JALĀL AL-DĪN FĪRŪZ KHALJĪ
STAGED A SUCCESSFUL COUP ON JUNE 13, 1290, AND BROUGHT THE
KHALJĪS TO POWER.
Khilji Dynasty 1290-1320
 Jalal-ud-din Khilji was the founder of Khilji

Dynasty in 1290 AD. Khilji Dynasty was the
second to rule “The Delhi Sultanate”.

Jalal-ud-din Khilji(1290 AD -1296 AD)
 Jalal-ud-din Khilji was extremely liberal and

tolerant.
 He ruled from kilokhri, though he built his capital
in Delhi when he invaded India.
 When Mongols attacked during his reign, he
smartly negotiate with them and make them leave
the country.
 Jalal-ud-din was murdered in 1296 AD by Alauddin
Kilji , his nephew in a conspiracy.
Alauddin Khilji (Juna Khan)1296 AD – 1316 AD
 Alauddin Khilji was the ruler of Khilji Dynasty

after the death of Jalal-ud-Khilji.
 He was the most successful ruler of Khilji Dynasty.
 Alauddin Khilji break new ground by conquering
Deccan.
 He did not pursue Islamic principles in matters of
state.

Qutubuddin Mubarak Khilji(1316 AD – 1320 AD)
 He was the last and most weakest of the Khilji

Dynasty.
 Qutubuddin Mubarak Kilji released those
prisioners who were captured by his predecessors
in wars.
 Qutubuddin Mubarak Khilji was murdered by his
wazir, Khusraw Khan which marks the end of The
Khilji Dynasty.

End Of Khilji Dynasty
 During the rule of Qutubuddin Mubarak Khilji, the

power lies in the hands of his wazir, Khusraw Khan
who killed him and ended the Khilji Dynasty

Nizamuddin Auliya
 One of the most prominent Indian Sufi Saint, lived
most of his life around Delhi. Spiritual guide to
Amir Khusro
 Born: 1238 AD Delhi
 Died: April 3, 1325 AD, Delhi

Amir Khusrau
 poet, writer, musician and scholar
 Born: 1253, Patiyali
 Died: 1325, Delhi

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Bright Future Academy 0302-4638358