MODULE 3

Implementing IPv6
MODULE OVERVIEW
Overview of IPv6 addressing
Configuring an IPv6 host
Implementing IPv6 and IPv4 coexistence
 Transitioning from IPv4 to IPv6
LESSON 1: OVERVIEW OF IPV6
ADDRESSING
Why use IPv6?
Differences between IPv4 and IPv6
Overview of IPv6 addressing
IPv6 address structure
Types of IPv6 addresses
 Autoconfiguration options for IPv6
WHY USE IPV6?

Organizations should consider using IPv6 because:

• The exponential growth of the Internet and the
impending exhaustion of the IPv4 address space
• The growth of the Internet and the ability of Internet
backbone routers to maintain large routing tables
• The need for simpler configuration
• The requirement for security at the IP layer
• The need for better support for real-time delivery of
data (also known as Quality of Service)
Feature IPv4
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN IPv6AND IPV6
IPV4
Performed by routers Performed only by the
Fragmentation
and sending host sending host Placeholder to
ensure the table
Address Broadcast ARP Multicast Neighbor
gets published
correctly. This
resolution request frames Solicitation messages
should sit behind
the table and not
be visible.
Manage multicast Multicast Listener
IGMP
group membership Discovery
ICMPv6 Router
ICMP Router
Router Discovery Solicitation and Router
Discovery (optional)
Advertisement (required)
DNS host records A records AAAA records
DNS reverse
IN-ADDR.ARPA IP6.ARPA
lookup zones
Minimum
576 bytes 1280 bytes
packet size
OVERVIEW OF IPV6 ADDRESSING
• 128-bit address in binary:
00100000000000010000110110111000
00000000000000000010110101001100
00000001110011000000000011011101
00010001001000100001001000110100
• 128-bit address divided into 16-bit blocks:
0010000000000001 0000110110111000
0000000000000000 0010110101001100
0000000111001100 0000000011011101
0001000100100010 0001001000110100
• Each 16-bit block converted to hexadecimal (base 16):
2001:0DB8:0000:2D4C:01CC:00DD:1122:1234
• Further simplified by removing leading zeros:
2001:DB8:0:2D4C:1CC:DD:1122:1234
IPV6 ADDRESS STRUCTURE
• The number of network bits is defined by the prefix
• Each host has 64 bits allocated to the interface
identifier

Type of address IPv4 address IPv6 address

Unspecified 0.0.0.0 ::
Loopback 127.0.0.1 ::1
Autoconfigured 169.254.0.0/16 FE80::/64
Uses multicasts
Broadcast 255.255.255.255
instead
Multicast 224.0.0.0/4 FF00::/8
 TYPES OF IPV6 ADDRESSES

IPv6 supports three types of addresses:

• Unicast
• Multicast
• Anycast

The following are types of unicast IPv6 addresses:

• Global unicast addresses
• Unique local addresses
• Link-local addresses
• Site-local addresses:
• Formerly deprecated in RFC 3879
• Superseded by unique local addresses
• Special addresses
• Compatibility or transition addresses
TYPES OF IPV6 ADDRESSES
Global unicast addresses:
• Are routable on the IPv6 Internet
• Allocate 16 bits for internal subnetting
• Begin with 2 or 3 (2000::/3)

48 bits 16 64
45 bits bits bits
Global routing Subnet
001 Interface ID
prefix ID
Prefix
Prefix Subnet bits Client
assigned to
managed for interface
top-level
by IANA organizations ID
ISPs
TYPES OF IPV6 ADDRESSES

Unique local addresses:

• Are equivalent to IPv4 private addresses
• Require the organization ID to be randomly generated
• Allocate 16 bits for internal subnetting

8 40 16 64
bits bits bits bits

11111110 Organization ID Subnet ID Interface ID

FD00::/8
TYPES OF IPV6 ADDRESSES

Link-local addresses:
• Are automatically generated on all IPv6 hosts
• Are similar to IPv4 APIPA addresses
• Are sometimes used in place of broadcast messages
• Include a zone ID that identifies the interface
• Examples:
• fe80::2b0:d0ff:fee9:4143%3
• fe80::94bd:21cf:4080:e612%2

10 54 64
bits bits bits
1111 1110 10 000 . . . 000 Interface ID

FE80::/8
CONFIGURABLE IPV6 SETTINGS
CONFIGURABLE IPV6 SETTINGS
CONFIGURABLE IPV6 SETTINGS
TOOLS FOR CONFIGURING IPV6

In advanced networking scenarios, you can

configure IPv6 using any of the following
methods:
• Basic IPv6 settings through the properties of the
TCP/IPv6 component
• Windows PowerShell cmdlets
• Netsh command-line utility
DEMONSTRATION: CONFIGURING IPV6

In this demonstration, you will learn how to:

• View the IPv6 configuration by using Ipconfig
and the Get-NetIPAddress cmdlet
• Configure IPv6 on a domain controller and a
server
• Verify that the IPv6 communication is functional
USING DHCPV6
DHCP for IPv6 in Windows Server 2016:
• Supports IPv6 by default
• You can configure DHCP by creating and configuring
IPv6 scopes and options
DNS for IPv6 in Windows Server 2016:
• Supports IPv6 by default
• Computers or DHCP can register AAAA records in DNS
• You can manually create AAAA records in DNS
• You need to create and configure reverse lookup zones
for IPv4 and IPv6
DEMONSTRATION: CONFIGURING DHCP
FOR IPV6

In this demonstration, you will learn how to:

• Create an IPv6 scope in DHCP
• Configure an IPv6 host (AAAA) resource record
for an IPv6 address
• Verify name resolution for an IPv6 host (AAAA)
resource record
WHAT ARE NODE TYPES?
IPv6-only
node

IPv6 network
IPv4/IPv6 node

IPv4-only
node
IPv4 network
OPTIONS FOR IPV4 AND IPV6 COEXISTENCE

• Windows Server 2012 uses a dual IP layer

architecture that supports IPv4 and IPv6 in a
single protocol stack
• DNS records required for coexistence are:
• Host (A) resource records for IPv4 nodes
• IPv6 host (AAAA) resource records
• Reverse lookup pointer resource records for IPv4 and
IPv6 nodes
CONSIDERATIONS FOR PLANNING A NATIVE IPV6
ENVIRONMENT

When planning for a native IPv6 environment,

organizations should consider the support for:
• Operating system
• Routers and firewalls
• Network devices
• Application products
• Custom applications
WHAT IS IPV6 OVER IPV4 TUNNELING?

IPv6 IPv4 IPv6 over IPv4 tunneling

packet packet allows IPv6 to communicate
through an IPv4 network

IPv6 packet
Upper layer
IPv6 Extension
protocol data
header headers
unit

Upper layer
IPv4 IPv6 Extension
protocol data
header header headers
unit
IPv4 packet
WHAT IS ISATAP?
• Allows IPv6 communication over an IPv4 intranet
• Can be enabled by configuring an ISATAP host record
• Connects all nodes to a single IPv6 network
• Uses the IPv4 address as part of the IPv6 address:
• Private address: FD00::0:5EFE:192.168.137.133
• Public address: 2001:db8::200:5EFE:131.107.137.133

ISATAP
host

ISATAP
router IPv6-
IPv4-only capable
intranet network
ISATAP
host
WHAT IS ISATAP?
You can configure ISATAP by:
• Configuring an ISATAP host record in DNS
• Configuring a hosts file
• Using the Windows PowerShell cmdlet
Set‑NetIsatapConfiguration ‑Router x.x.x.x
• Using the command Netsh Interface IPv6
ISATAP Set Router x.x.x.x
• Configuring the ISATAP Router Name Group
Policy setting