MINERALS

AND
ROCKS
Agate and milky quartz are both quartz, because they have the
same chemical composition and therefore, physical properties.
The differences between them are caused by impurities, other
chemical elements that are included in the quartz during the
formation process.
NATIVE These minerals are made by a Gold, silver,
ELEMENTS single element. copper
Oligiste (iron)
OXIDES They are made up of Oxygen
and one other element.

A mix of Sulphur and a Metal Galena

SULPHIDES
They are made of Carbon,
Calcite
Oxygen and a Metal.
CARBONATES
Composed of Chloride and a Halite
Metal.
a)COLOUR: minerals are always the same colour, no matter where they
are taken or what process endured.

b) SHAPE: minerals can be geometric or irregular.

c) LUSTRE: refers to the way a mineral reflects ligt. It can be:

- Metallic: like pyrite.

- Non metallic.
a)STREAK: it refers to the colour of the powder that a mineral leaves
when scraped.
b) CLEAVAGE: is the way a that a mineral breaks. It can break in
sheets or in cubes.

f) HARDNESS: measures how a mineral reacts to being scratched.

The Mohs Scale of Hardness
The Mohs Scale of Hardness
USES OF
MINERALS
Jewelry
Electronics
Abrasives
A source of metal (ore)/
other useful elements
MINING
LAYERS
EARTH
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x0lauGbQWvQ
Detrital Rocks
Chemical Rocks
Organic Rocks
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x0lauGbQWvQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=x0lauGbQWvQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PrN7jygu4cQ
 VOLCANIC
IGNEOUS ROCKS

PLUTONIC
IGNEOUS ROCKS
Plutonic rock

Volcanic
rock
 PUMICE STONE
OBSIDIAN
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gex-y0FwOp4
High pressure due to weight

Metamorphic rock

Intense heat due to magma

Metamorphic rocks
 Changes in
Weathering and Fusion at high
temperature temperature
erosion
and pressure
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VByCLpj-I_s
USES OF ROCKS
USES OF ROCKS