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Noise Pollution
Noise Pollution
http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/arts/
linguistics/russell/138/sec4/acoust1.htm
http://www.fi.edu/fellows/fellow2/apr99/
soundvib.html
Chapter 14 – Noise Pollution and Control
• Speed of Sound- 1500 m/s in water and 5000 m/s
in steel, 340 m/s in air (1100 ft/s).
v xf
where, v= speed of sound, m/s or ft/s
= wavelength, m/cycle or ft./cycle
f = frequency, Hz or cps
Sin500.wav Sin300.wav
Chapter 14 – Noise Pollution and Control
• microbars- 1 millionth of a bar, where a bar is
equal to 100 kPa or 14.7 psi (atmospheric pressure at
sea level)
P
SPL = 20 X log ( )
P0
where, SPL= sound pressure level, dB
P= rms sound pressure, bar
P0 = reference pressure, bar
http://www.jimprice.com/prosound/db.htm
Chapter 14 – Noise Pollution and Control
• Sound Intensity (W/m2) - is proportional to the
square of the root mean square (rms) value of a
sound pressure or SPL
(Note :for every 10 dB increase in SPL, there is a
10 fold increase in sound intensity.)
•Frequency Weighting Networks- noise is
broken down to bands of low-medium-high
frequency. “A-weighted” network filters out low
and high frequency where human ears is less
efficient. [dBA is a.k.a A-weighted decibels]
[Refer to p.464 in text fig. 14.3]
Sound Level (SL)- Sound Level measurement
over a period of time. i.e. L90=75 dBA means 90%
of the time sound level exceeeded 75 dBA.
Chapter 14 – Noise Pollution and Control
• Sound Exposure Level (SEL) - provides a basis
for computing noise events of variable durations
which matches a person’s impression of noise. It
is standardized to 1 sec. (Note: refer to figure
14.7, p. 465)
•Equivalent Sound Level (Leq)- is is the average
or constant SPL over the period of interest. [i.e.
Leq(8) is the average for an 8 hr. period.]
[Refer to p.464 in text fig. 14.3]
•Day - Night Sound Level (DNL)- Leq(24) with a
10-dBA penalty for night time which is more
annoying. see fig. 14.8
DB
SLB S A 10X log
DA