FOREIGN POLICY OF

PAKISTAN
LECTURE :04-05
 INTRODUCTION

• “Domestic policy can only defeat us; foreign policy can kill us.” John Kennedy.

• 1. A foreign policy is a set of pre-established strategies designed and implemented

systematically to manage a country’s relationships with other nations. They are structured
guidelines that regulate international political dealings.
• 2. Foreign policy as the behavior of states.
• 3. A State’s Foreign Policy is totality of its dealings with the external environment.
• 4. Foreign policy is a critical area of study in international relations that seeks to
explore how a state interacts with other states and non-state actors in the global arena. It
involves the formulation, implementation, and evaluation of a state's strategy towards
achieving its national interests and objectives.
• 5. Foreign policy is the rational pursuit of a set of national objectives.
• 6. Foreign policy is thus a plan or programme of actions of a state, which determines
the sum-total of the state’s objectives in the international system.
 DEFINITION

• The external policy of an independent, sovereign state which it pursues in

its relations with other nations of the world in order to seek its national
interest.”

• “The external policy of the state which it pursues to preserve its ideological
character, safeguard its territorial integrity, maintain its political
sovereignty and guarantee its economic well being”

• Foreign policy is the use of political influence in order to induce other

states to exercise their law making power in a manner desired by the state
 COMMON OBJECTIVE OF FOREIGN POLICY

Protecting national prestige and developing national power, and

Maintaining the integrity of state

Promoting common interest

Providing for national security

Maintaining world order.

 THEORIES AND FORMS
(OPTIONAL )
S L I D E 6 A N D 7 ( J U S T F O R U N D E R S TA N D I N G ) .
 FORMS

• 1. Imperialism: the practice or advocacy of extending power

through either territorial annexation or through gaining
political and economic control of other areas.
• 2. Diplomacy: the practice of peacefully negotiating with other
nations.
• 3. Isolationism/Neutrality: Avoiding wars and conflicts
between other nations.
• 4. Collective Security: groups of countries work together as
allies to preserve mutual peace and/or security.
 MODELS/APPROACHES OF FOREIGN
POLICY
• RATIONAL ACTOR MODEL
• BUREAUCRATIC POLITICS MODEL
• ORGANIZATIONAL PROCESS MODEL
• INTER-BRANCH POLITICS MODEL
• POLITICAL PROCESS MODEL
• THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK: LIBERALISM VS
REALISM
OBJECTIVES OF PAKISTAN’S
FOREIGN POLICY
 OBJECTIVES

1. It seeks to protect the territorial integrity of the

country and protect the interests of its citizens, both
with and out side the state.

2. The objective of foreign policy is maintenance of

links with other member of international community
and adoption of policy of conflict or cooperation
towards them with a view to promote its own interests.
 OBJECTIVES

3. The foreign policy of a country seeks to promote and

further its national interests of the country. • The
primary interests of each state is self-preservation,
security and well being of its citizens.
4 .The foreign policy aims at promotion of economic
interests of the country.
5. The foreign policy aims at enhancement of the
influence of the state by expanding its area of influence
the reducing of other states to the position of
dependency
 OBJECTIVES (SUM-UP)

1. The primary objective of Pakistan’s foreign policy is to

safeguard the national security, territorial integrity and
political sovereignty of the country.

2. To protect Pakistan’s economic interests abroad.

3. To project the image of Pakistan as a progressive, modern and

democratic Islamic country.

4. To promote peace, stability and friendly relations with

Afghanistan.
 OBJECTIVES (SUM-UP)

5. To find the resolution of all disputes with India including the

issue of Kashmir. Raise the Kashmir issue on international
forums.
6. To forge cordial and friendly relations with all neighbors,
Muslim countries, and the larger international community.
7. To fulfill its responsibilities as a responsible member of the
international community.
8. To prevent and respond to threats and capitalize on
opportunities.
9. To safeguard the interests of the Pakistani diaspora.
DETERMINENTS OF PAKISTAN’S
FOREIGN POLICY
 DETERMINENTS/FACTORS

• A. Internal factors • B. External factors

1. Size 1.Power structure
2. Geography 2. International
3. Culture & history organizations
4. Economic development 3. Reaction of other states
5. Technology
4.Alliances
6. National capacity
5. World public opinion
7. Social Structure
8. Role of press
9. political Accountability
10. Leadership
 DETERMINENTS

Geographical Location:
Geography of a state is relatively the most permanent and stable
factor of its foreign Policy. The topography of land, its fertility,
climate and location are the major geographic factors which
influence the Foreign Policy of a nation. Suitable geographical
factors can help and encourage the nation to adopt and pursue
higher goals.
 DETERMINENTS

Population:
The population is considered one of the important determinants of
foreign policy. For a long time, the population has been regarded as an
important criterion for measuring state power.
History:
Each nation’s history is influenced by its foreign policy. The outline of
the history of each nation is formed through the special circumstances
of the chips and events. It is possible to identify its identity.
The geographical boundaries of each nation are determined through the
constraints of historical events. Through the history of the development
of a nation, many basic features of foreign policy are developed. In light
of historical experience, each nation forms the basis of its foreign policy
 DETERMINENTS

Economic Resources
The nature and style of foreign policy is largely determined by
economic resources. The economic strength of a state is an
indicator of its affordability. The effect of that ability is reflected
in relations with other states.The main objective of the economic
structure is to utilize the country’s land, labor, capital and
enterprises for production. Distribution of economic wealth
produced, consumption, public welfare, improvement of living
standard of the citizens etc. are also included in the economic
activities of the state.
Ideology
Each state-system is governed by specific political ideologies.
The values, policies, programs, objectives, and goals of a state
are governed by that ideology. Ideology does not simply
determine the internal policies and values of a state; is governed
by foreign policy and those ideologies. So it can be considered
one of the most important determinants of foreign policy.
 DETERMINENTS

Efficiency of Government and Nature of Political

Leadership
Government leaders are the main source and strength of foreign
policy. The role of the state at any given time and the type of
foreign policy to be followed depends on the quality of the
decision makers. On the basis of practical experience, it can be
said that foreign policy cannot be separated from the nature of
government leadership under any circumstances.
 DETERMINENTS

Quality of Diplomacy
Quality of diplomacy one of the most important determinants of
foreign policy. The success or failure of a state in international
Politics depends on its diplomatic tactics and excellence. Each
of the goals and objectives of the state is determined by the
diplomatic ingenuity of the government.All the goals of foreign
policy are determined by the people involved in diplomatic
activity. It is through diplomatic activity that the main linkages
and differences with other states are resolved. Diplomats
determine the mechanism for combining different interests.
 EXAM TECHNIQUE

• INTRODUCTION (define) (common objectives)

• Objectives of the foreign policy of Pakistan (write at least 6
objectives briefly )each objective =3-5 lines.
• Conclusion (issues and solutions or overall summary).
• Reference Document = zabdesk