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    Lecture 26

    Uploaded by

    kmani11811

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    of 12

    Web Technologies

    eXtensible Markup Language (XML)


    Today’s Lecture
    XML
    • XML Introduction
    • XML Tree
    • XML Syntax
    • XML Elements
    • XML Parser
    • XML DOM
    • XML Schema
    XML
    • XML stands for eXtensible Markup Language.
    • XML was designed to store and transport/distribute data.
    • XML became a W3C Recommendation in February 1998.
    • XML was designed to be self-descriptive.
    • XML has user defined tags, not predefined tags.
    – With XML, author must define tags and document structure.
    – Whereas HTML works with predefined tags like <p>, <h1>,
    <table>, etc.
    XML Tree
    • XML documents are formed as element trees.
    • XML tree starts at a root element (parent) and branches from root
    to child elements.
    • All elements can have sub elements (child elements):
    <root>
    <child>
    <subchild>.....</subchild>
    </child>
    </root>
    – Parent, child, and sibling are used to describe relationships
    between elements.
    • Parents have children.
    • Children have parents.
    XML Tree
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <bookstore>
    <book category="cooking">
    <title lang="en">Everyday Italian</title>
    <author>Giada De Laurentiis</author>
    <year>2005</year>
    <price>30.00</price>
    </book>
    <book category="children">
    <title lang="en">Harry Potter</title>
    <author>J K. Rowling</author>
    <year>2005</year>
    <price>29.99</price>
    </book>
    <book category="web">
    <title lang="en">Learning XML</title>
    <author>Erik T. Ray</author>
    <year>2003</year>
    <price>39.95</price>
    </book>
    </bookstore>

    In above code, <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> (XML Prolog) defines XML version and
    character encoding.
    XML Syntax
    • Syntax rules of XML are very simple and logical:
    – XML Documents must have a root element (parent).
    – All XML elements must have a closing tag.
    – XML tags are case sensitive.
    – XML elements must be properly nested.
    – XML attribute values must always be quoted.
    XML Elements
    • XML document contains XML Elements.
    • XML element is everything from element's start tag to element's end tag.
    • Element can contain text, attributes, or other elements.
    <bookstore>
    <book category="children">
    <title>Harry Potter</title>
    <author>J. K. Rowling</author>
    <year>2005</year>
    <price>29.99</price>
    </book>
    <book category="web">
    <title>Learning XML</title>
    <author>Erik T. Ray</author>
    <year>2003</year>
    <price>39.95</price>
    </book>
    </bookstore>
    XML Parser
    • XML DOM defines properties and methods for accessing and editing XML.
    – However, before an XML document can be accessed, it must be loaded
    into an XML DOM object.
    – All modern browsers have a built-in XML parser that can convert text
    into an XML DOM object.
    • Example: parses a text string into an XML DOM object, and extracts info
    from it with JavaScript.
    <html><body><p id="demo"></p>
    <script>
    var text, parser, xmlDoc;
    text = "<bookstore><book>" + "<title>Everyday Italian</title>" + "<author>Giada De
    Laurentiis</author>" + "<year>2005</year>" + "</book></bookstore>";
    parser = new DOMParser();
    xmlDoc = parser.parseFromString(text,"text/xml");
    document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML =
    xmlDoc.getElementsByTagName("title")[0].childNodes[0].nodeValue;
    </script>
    </body></html>
    Everyday Italian
    XML DOM
    • DOM
    – It defines a standard for accessing and manipulating documents.
    • HTML DOM
    – It defines a standard way for accessing and manipulating HTML
    documents.
    • It presents an HTML document as a tree-structure.
    • XML DOM
    – It defines a standard way for accessing and manipulating XML
    documents.
    • It presents an XML document as a tree-structure.
    XML Schema
    • XML Schema describes the structure of an XML document.
    <xs:element name="note">
    <xs:complexType>
    <xs:sequence>
    <xs:element name="to" type="xs:string"/>
    <xs:element name="from" type="xs:string"/>
    <xs:element name="heading" type="xs:string"/>
    <xs:element name="body" type="xs:string"/>
    </xs:sequence>
    </xs:complexType>
    </xs:element>
    – <xs:element name="note"> defines element called "note".
    – <xs:complexType> "note" element is a complex type.
    – <xs:sequence> complex type is a sequence of elements.
    – <xs:element name="to" type="xs:string"/> element "to" is of type string.
    – <xs:element name="from" type="xs:string"/> element "from" is of type string.
    – <xs:element name="heading" type="xs:string"/> element "heading" is of type string.
    – <xs:element name="body" type="xs:string"/> element "body" is of type string.
    Summary of Today’s Lecture
    XML
    • XML Introduction
    • XML Tree
    • XML Syntax
    • XML Elements
    • XML Parser
    • XML DOM
    • XML Schema
    References
    • https://www.w3.org/XML/
    • https://www.w3schools.com/xml/xml_whatis.asp

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