Ball Bearing fault detection using Signal

Processing

Member-1 :Mangalasridharan Sankar Eswaran - CB.EN.U4CCE22034

Member-2 :Sangamithra B - CB.EN.U4CCE22039
Member-3 :Vismaya Viswanathan - CB.EN.U4CCE22054
OBJECTIVES:

• Enhance machine quality by implementing vibration monitoring for early defect detection in
critical ball bearings.
• Use FFT and power spectrum analysis to identify Bearing Characteristic Frequencies influenced
by size and rotational velocity.
• Improve defect detection efficiency through integrated techniques like DWT and Kurtosis for
analyzing vibration signals.
• Contribute insights to machine health monitoring and predictive maintenance, drawing from
abstracts on fault detection, vibration measurement, and frequency estimation in related fields.
INTRODUCTION:

1. Need for Technology:

- Address machine quality enhancement and failure prevention.
- Focus on early ball bearing fault detection.
2. Solution Overview:
- Utilize advanced signal processing techniques:
- Fast Fourier Transform for fault frequency identification.
- Cepstrum analysis for periodicities.
- Amplitude Demodulation for defect detection.
- Hilbert Transform for early defect performance.
3. Applicability:
- Overcomes challenges in detecting extremely early faults.
- Addresses variations in signal amplitude.
- Comprehensive approach for efficient ball bearing fault detection.
Literature Survey:
S.No Author Title Contribution

"Advanced Signal Processing Technique"

Pankaj Gupta, M. K Fault detection analysis in rolling
1. for effective and reliable fault detection
Pradhan element bearing: A review
in rolling element bearings.

Ball Bearing Damage DetectionUsing Optimal fault detection methods: Hilbert

2. Bediaga, X. Mendizabal, Traditional Signal Processing Transform, Amplitude Modulation.
A. Arnaiz and J. Munoa Algorithms Emphasized outer race faults.

Basic Vibration Signal Processing

S. A. McInerny and Y. Dai Created bearing fault detection module
3. for Bearing Fault Detection
Including envelope and spectral analysis.

A Review of Feature Extraction

Wahyu Caesarendra
4.
and Tegoeh Tjahjowidodo
Methods inVibration-Based
Condition Monitoring and Its Reviewed low-speed bearing
Application for Degradation Trend degradation through vibration features..
Estimation of Low-Speed Slew
Bearing
Proposed Methodology:
Stage 1 detection:

• Feature extraction from the dataset

• Calculating the characteristic frequencies of the ball bearing
• Time domain plotting
• Statistical data analysis using Kurtosis and skewness
• Plotting Probabiltiy density function and Cumulative distributive function

Stage 2 detection:

• Fast Fourier Transform – frequency domain analysis

• Power spectrum analysis
• Cesptrum analysis
• Envelope spectrum analysis
• Amplitude demodulation (Hilbert Transform)
• Checking for spectral peaks in the frequency domain in the above stated techniques
• Classification of defect
Stage 3 detection:

• Energy ratio calculation using coefficients of Haar wavelet

• Comparative analysis of the energy ratio using threshold energy value
• Confirmation of the defect result obtained from stage 2
 Stage 2 detection
(Frequency Domain
ACCELERATION DATA Analysis(FFT))

Characteristic frequencies
calculation
Envelope
Envelope Envelope
Power Spectrum Spectrum
Spectrum Spectrum

Stage 1 detection
(Time domain and statistical
data analysis) Spectral Peak at
characteristic
frequencies

Kurtosis > 3 Skewness > or < 0

Stage 3 (Wavelet Energy
Ratio ‘Haar’)

Bearing defect Inner and Outer

Bearing defect Normal(below
cage defect(above
threshold)
threshold)
Results and Discussions

• From the dataset useful information like ball bearing specification and its characteristic frequency, and
experimental data can be derived which can be used for fault detection.
• From the result plots and terminal window output , it can be inferred that when a ball bearing is having
a defect it creates a signature vibration change which decreases its efficiency from its normal working.
• Since this cannot be inferred from the time domain , frequency domain methods such as Fast Fourier
Transform , Envelope spectrum, Power Spectrum , and amplitude demodulation can be used to
classify the defect in the ball bearing according to the peaks at its characteristic frequencies. Further
Discrete Wavelet transform can be used to confirm our results.
• These methods collectively enable a comprehensive examination of bearing conditions, offering a
nuanced understanding of fault-related features.

• In summary, the integration of diverse signal processing techniques stands as a pivotal strategy in
elevating the efficacy of ball bearing fault detection. This refined diagnostic framework contributes to
enhanced machinery reliability and performance across diverse industrial applications
 REFERENECE:
[1] Bediaga, X. Mendizabal, A. Arnaiz and J. Munoa, "Ball bearing damage detection using traditional signal
processing algorithms," in IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 20-25, April 2013,
doi: 10.1109/MIM.2013.6495676.
[2] S. A. McInerny and Y. Dai, "Basic vibration signal processing for bearing fault detection," in IEEE Transactions
on Education, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 149-156, Feb. 2003, doi: 10.1109/TE.2002.808234.
[3] Pankaj Gupta, M.K. Pradhan, Fault detection analysis in rolling element bearing: A review, Mater. Today: Proc. 4
(2) (2017) 2085–2094.
[4] Caesarendra, W.; Tjahjowidodo, T. A Review of Feature Extraction Methods in Vibration-Based Condition
Monitoring and Its Application for Degradation Trend Estimation of Low-Speed Slew Bearing. Machines 2017, 5, 21
[5] Tandon N., Choudhury A review of vibration and acoustic measurement methods for the detection of defects in
rolling element bearings Tribol. Int., 32 (8) (1999), pp. 469-480Y.
[6] Patil, M. S., Mathew, J., and RajendraKumar, P. K. (December 17, 2007). "Bearing Signature Analysis as a
Medium for Fault Detection: A Review." ASME. J. Tribol. January 2008; 130(1): 014001
[7] Misra, S.; Kumar, S.; Sayyad, S.; Bongale, A.; Jadhav, P.; Kotecha, K.; Abraham, A.; Gabralla, L.A. Fault
Detection in Induction Motor Using Time Domain and Spectral Imaging-Based Transfer Learning Approach on
Vibration Data. Sensors 2022, 22, 8210.
[8] J Prabu et al 2020 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 912 022034
[9] Dataset link - https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/chwhh9n3bf/2