Chapter 12

Geographical perspective on selected issues and

problems

Cause of environmental pollution

“the released of substances and
energy from waste products of
humans activities.”
 Water pollution

•The main reasons are increasing

population and industrial expansion
•Natural resources- Erosion, landslides
decay and decomposition of
plants and animals and human itself.
•Industrial causes
•Agricultural causes
•Cultural causes
•Consequences of water pollution
 Air Pollution
•Dust, fumes, gas fog smoke or
vapour
•Uses of variety of fuels
•Mining
•Burning of fossil fuels
•Industries
•Construction
 Noise pollution

•State of unbearable and uncomfortable to

human beings
The main sources are
1. Mechanical construction
2. Auto mobiles
3. Traffic
4. Aircrafts
Effects
 Urban waste disposal

Problem of urban areas

1. Overcrowding
2. Congestion
3. Inadequate facilities
4 fast growing population
5. Poor sanitary
6. Foul air
Problem of solid waste ,termed as refuse garbage and rubbish
Sources of their waste
1. Domestic
2. Industrial and commercial establishment
Solid waste cause health hazards through foul smell and
harboring of flies
 Rural urban migration

A case study
•Problems of slums
•Rural population 72%
•Slums-dilapidated homes, poor
hygiene condition lack of basic
amenities, harrow street, over
crowding, hazards from fire.
 Land degradation

•Soil erosion, water, logging,

Stalinization and alkalization of land
lead to land degradation
Sources
1. Natural
2. Man made
A case study