CHAPTER -2

Acids, Bases & Salts

MODULE -1

Grade - 10
Chemistry
Topics Covered
• What’s common in acids and bases
• Acids don’t show acidic behaviour in absence
of water
• Dilution
Learning Objectives

• Define the terms -acid, base, salt and indicator.

• Give examples of some common household acids, bases, salts.
• Describe the properties of acids and bases.
• Classify the acid-base indicator.
• Observe the colour change of indicator in acidic and basic
solution.
Whats Common in acids and Bases
 Whats Common in acids and Bases

Do all Acids conducts electricity: Activity 2.8

Observations- It will be observed that the bulb glows in the HCl and sulphuric
acid solution and does not glow in the glucose solution and alcohol solution.
Result- HCl dissociates into H+and Cl−ions. These ions conduct electricity in the
solution resulting in the glowing of the bulb. On the other hand, the glucose and
alcohol solution does not dissociate into ions. Therefore, it does not conduct
electricity.
Conclusion : The hydrogen containing compounds such as glucose and alcohol
are not categorised as acids because they do not dissociate (or ionise) in water to
produce hydrogen ions [H+(aq) ions].
 WHAT’S COMMON?

• Acids and bases are electrolytes which means that they're good
conductors of electricity. Acids and bases both produce ions in water
solution. Acids release hydrogen ions (H+) whereas Bases release
hydroxide ions (OH-). The process of mixing acid or a base in water is
an exothermic one.
Acids - :

An acid is a substance which dissociates (or ionises) on dissolving

in water to produce hydrogen ions [H+(aq) ions].

• H2SO4 ---> H+(aq) + Cl-

• HNO3 ---> H+(aq) + NO3 -
• CH3COOH ---> CH3COO- + H+
 Bases - A base is a substance which dissociates (or ionises) on dissolving in water
to produce hydroxyl ions [OH-(aq) ions]
ACIDS DON’T SHOW ACIIDIC BEHAVIOUR IN
ABSENCE OF WATER
 Strong acids: An acid which is completely ionised in water and thus
produces a large amount of hydrogen ions is called a strong acid.

Weak Acid: An acid which is partially ionised in water and thus produces a small
amount of hydrogen ions is called a weak acid.

• For example, hydrochloric acid is completely ionised in water, so it is a strong acid :

HCl (aq) ------> H+ (aq) + Cl– (aq)
CH3COOH (aq)  CH3COO– (aq) + H+ (aq)
DILUTION OF ACIDS
SUMMARY