RECOGNIZING

BIAS AND TONE/

PROPAGANDA
Presented by :
Bunga Satya Hardika
Esti Sapta Lestari
Kiki Hermanto
 INTRODUCTION
A. Definition of Bias
Bias refers to the presence of a partiality or prejudice in the
presentation of information, often influencing the way facts are
interpreted or portrayed.

B. Definition of Tone
Tone refers to the writer's attitude towards the subject matter,
audience, or both. It plays a crucial role in shaping the overall
message conveyed.
 INTRODUCTION
C. Definition of Propaganda
Propaganda involves the systematic dissemination of information,
ideas, or rumors with the purpose of promoting a particular
viewpoint, often through deceptive or misleading means.
 Types of Bias
• Political Bias
• Cultural Bias
• Confirmation Bias
 1. Political Bias
Political bias refers to the inclination or prejudice towards a particular
political ideology, party, or set of beliefs. It can manifest in the way
individuals perceive and interpret political events, issues, and information.

Example:
A news article favoring one political party over another without presenting
a balanced perspective.
 2. Cultural Bias 3. Confirmation Bias
Cultural bias involves the tendency to
Confirmation bias is the tendency to search
interpret and judge situations, events, or
for, interpret, and remember information in a
information based on one's own cultural
way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or
background. It can influence perceptions
hypotheses. People often unconsciously seek
and decisions, leading individuals to favor
out information that supports their existing
ideas, values, or practices from their own
views and avoid information that challenges
culture over others.
them.
Example: An article that stereo types or
Example: Selectively presenting information
generalizes a particular cultural group,
that supports pre-existing beliefs while
perpetuating preconceived notions.
ignoring conflicting evidence.
 What Does Tone Mean in
Literature?
In literary terms, tone typically refers to the mood implied by an author’s word choice and the
way that the text can make a reader feel.

The tone an author uses in a piece of writing can evoke any number of emotions and
perspectives. Tone can also span a wide array of textual styles, from terse to prosaic. Tone is
what helps terrify the reader in Poe’s “The Tell-Tale Heart,” and it helps convey the point of
view of an old man in “After Apple-Picking” by Robert Frost.
 Recognizing
Tone
• Objective Tone

• Definition: Objective tone is characterized by a neutral and unbiased

presentation of facts. It aims to provide information without expressing
personal opinions or emotions. The language used is factual, straightforward,
and free from personal bias.

• Example: "The study found that the average temperature in the region has
increased by 1.5 degrees Celsius over the past decade. This data is based on a
comprehensive analysis of climate patterns and weather trends."
 Recognizing
Tone
2. Subjective Tone

• Definition: Subjective tone is characterized by the expression of personal

opinions, feelings, and perspectives. It reflects the writer's individual
point of view and may include personal experiences, emotions, and
interpretations.

• Example: "In my opinion, the new policy is a positive step forward for
the company. I believe it will enhance employee satisfaction and improve
overall productivity."
 Recognizing
Tone
3. Sensational Tone

• Definition: Sensational tone is characterized by an exaggerated and

attention-grabbing style that aims to evoke strong emotions or reactions
from the audience. It often relies on vivid language, hyperbole, and
dramatic elements to create excitement or shock.

• Example: "Shocking revelations! The scandalous truth behind the

celebrity's secret life exposed! Prepare to be amazed by the jaw-dropping
details you won't believe!"
 PROPAGANDA
Propaganda refers to the dissemination of information, ideas, or
opinions with the aim of influencing the thoughts, beliefs, and actions
of individuals or groups in a way that aligns with a particular agenda.
Propaganda often uses biased or misleading techniques to shape
public perception and promote a specific point of view.
Examples of propaganda can be found throughout history and in vario
forms, including:
• Political Propaganda:
During times of war or political unrest, governments may use propaganda to boost
morale, demonize the enemy, or garner support for their policies. For instance, both
Allied and Axis powers employed propaganda during World War II to shape public
opinion.

2. Advertising Propaganda:
Commercial entities use propaganda techniques to promote products and influence
consumer behavior. Advertisements often emphasize positive aspects of a product
while downplaying or ignoring any potential negatives.
3. Media Propaganda:
News outlets or media organizations can be accused of propagating biased information to support a particular
political stance or agenda. This might involve selective reporting, framing, or sensationalizing news stories.

4. Ideological Propaganda:
Some organizations or groups use propaganda to promote a particular ideology or belief system. For example,
during the Cold War, both the United States and the Soviet Union engaged in ideological propaganda to
promote their respective political and economic systems.

5. Social Media Propaganda:

With the rise of social media, misinformation and propaganda can spread rapidly. Foreign actors, political
groups, or individuals may use social media platforms to disseminate false information or manipulate public
opinion.
 EXERCISES
Identify the following sentences as bias, tone or propaganda!

• Media coverage tends to favor a specific political group,

overlooking other perspectives that should be acknowledged.
• While this issue requires serious attention, let's strive to remain
optimistic and focus on solutions.
• Only by supporting government policies can we achieve true
prosperity and security.
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Thank You