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diuretics
Increase the excretion of Na+ and
therefore water from the body at the
kidneys
decrease reabsorption of Na+ and Cl-
from the filtrate
increases the excretion of water due to
the hypertonicity of the filtrate
Overview (Rang 5th Edition)
thiazides
amiloride
Loop
diuretics
Summary
Sites of effect
Ascending loop of Henle – inhibit Na+
absorption(Loop diuretics)
Distal tubule - inhibit Na+ and Cl-
(thiazides)
Collecting tubules and ducts - blocks Na+ -
K+ exchange (amiloride, spironolactone &
triamterene – so called ‘potassium sparing’)
Osmotic Diuretics
Indications:
Hypertension
Less commonly oedema, fluid retention
Potassium sparing diuretics
Effects
Limited diuretic efficacy
Mildly uricosuric
Indications
Combination with thiazides to prevent hypokalemia
Spironolactone in heart failure, liver disease
references
Rang Dale Ritter and Moore (5th Edition)
Australian Medicines Handbook