• Flowering is mainly controlled by two factors

• 1. Light
• 2. Temperature
• Julien tournois- Importance of light in flowering plants
• Garner and Allard: Artificial increasing or decreasing of light
Garner and Allard Classified 3 types
 Long Day Plants: Ex: Radish, Beetroot,
Short Day Plants: Ex: Chrysanthimum,
Hyocymus niger
tobacco, xanthium, soyabean
Ex:
Tomato,
Sorgum,
Mirabilis
• Short Long day plants: Exposed to short days for some period

followed by long days Ex: Coreopsis grandiflora

• Long short day plants: long days for brief period then short days

Ex: Lillies, Bryophyllum

Phytochrome
• When Exposed to red light appears olive green
• Exposed to far red- blue color
 Phytochrome in Flowering
• SD plant: Need low Pfr to pr ratio
• Pfr is high concentration,
• pfr and pr ratio is high- flowering prevented
• When dark period is prolonged, Pfr is
destroyed or converted back to pr
• Pfr to pr ratio is low- promotes the formation
of flowering
• LD palnts: Need high Pfr to pr ratio
• Attained at the end of the day
• When dark period is prolonged, Pfr is
destroyed or converted back to pr
• During germination,
negative gravitropism
helps the seedling's stem
find its way up out of the
soil and towards the
Sun.

• Positive gravitropism
helps the roots grow
down deeper into the
soil.