2.

1 Properties of Matter
 Essential Questions:
1. What is Matter?
2. What are some physical properties
that can be used to describe matter?
3. What are some chemical properties
that can be used to describe matter?

22
 New Vocabulary

states of matter physical property

solid extensive property
liquid intensive property
gas chemical property
vapor
Review Vocabulary
density: a ratio that compares the mass of an
object to its volume
 What is Matter?

MATTER is anything that has mass

(amount of material) and volume
(amount of space taken up)
not matter=energy

• Matter with a uniform and unchanging

composition is a Substance.
 What are the
States of Matter?
State (phase) of matter
 Solid
The particles that make up
a solid are packed very
closely together.

Solid has a definite shape and volume

8
 Liquid
The particles in a liquid are
packed almost as closely as
those in a solid, but they can
move around each other freely.

Liquid has a definite volume but no shape

 Gas
Gas particles move in all
directions. As they move, gas
particles spread apart, filling
all the space available.

Gas has neither a definite shape nor a

definite volume
• Vapor refers to the gaseous state of a substance
that is a solid or a liquid at room temperature.
 Plasma
•A plasma is a form of matter that results
when the particles of a gas become ionized
and are broken apart into smaller charged
particles.
Change of STATES OF MATTER
Sublimation

Melting Vaporization

Freezing Condensation

LIQUID GAS
SOLID

Tightly packed, in Close together Well separated

a regular pattern with no regular with no regular
Vibrate, but do not arrangement. arrangement.
move from place Vibrate, move Vibrate and move
to place about, and slide freely at high
past each other speeds
How can changes in Matter be
described?
 MATTER CAN BE DESCRIBED BY
ITS PROPERTIES .

A. Property: a characteristic used

to describe an object

B. There are 2 Types of Properties:

 2 types of properties

1. Physical property - is a characteristic of matter

that can be observed or measured without changing
the sample’s composition

• examples: color, taste, odor, volume, mass,

density, viscosity, solubility, melting point,
boiling point, electrical or thermal
conductivity
17
 Physical Properties of Matter

• Extensive properties, such as mass, length,

weight , size and volume, are dependent on
the amount of substance present.
• Intensive properties, such as density, boiling
point ,color ,temperature , luster melting
point and hardness are independent of the
amount of substance present.
2 types of properties

•Chemical properties: is ability or inability of a

substance to combine with or change into one or
more other substances

• examples:
reactivity chemical stability flammability

toxicity combustibility radioactivity

20
 Observing Properties of Matter

• Every substance has its own unique set of

physical and chemical properties.
• Physical and chemical properties can change
with specific external conditions, such as
temperature and pressure.
 Quiz
1. Which of the following are a pure substance?

A milk

B table salt

C air

D tap water
 Quiz
1. Which of the following are a pure substance?

A milk

B table salt CORRECT

C air

D tap water
 Quiz
2. Solids, liquids, gases, and plasma are classified
as which of the following?

A chemical properties of matter

B physical properties of matter

C states of matter
D none of the above
 Quiz
Solids, liquids, gases, and plasma are classified
2. as which of the following?

A chemical properties of matter

B physical properties of matter

C states of matter CORRECT

D none of the above

 Quiz
3. What is true of a physical property of matter?

A An example is iron forming rust.

B It is always an extensive property.

C It is a characteristic that can be observed or
measured without changing a sample’s
composition.
D It is the ability or inability of a substance to
combine with or change into one or more
other substances.
 Quiz
3. What is true of a physical property of matter?

A An example is iron forming rust.

B It is always an extensive property.

C It is a characteristic that can be observed or CORRECT
measured without changing a sample’s
composition.
D It is the ability or inability of a substance to
combine with or change into one or more
other substances.
 Quiz
4. Which of the following is a chemical property
of copper?

A It is shiny.

B It has a density of 8.96 g/ cm3.

C It has a melting point of 1085°C.

D It forms a new compound when it

interacts with moist air.
 Quiz
4. Which of the following is a chemical property
of copper?

A It is shiny.

B It has a density of 8.96 g/ cm3.

C It has a melting point of 1085°C.

D It forms a new compound when it CORRECT

interacts with moist air.
2.2 Changes in Matter
 Essential Questions:
How does a substance change when it burns?

2
31
 New Vocabulary

physical change phase change

chemical change
law of conservation of mass

Review Vocabulary
observation: orderly, direct information
gathered about a phenomenon
 How can changes in Matter be
described?
• 1- A physical change is any change
that alters the form or appearance of
the substance but does not change it
into another substance.

• 2- A chemical change or chemical

reaction is process that involves one
or more substances changing into new
substances
 EXAMPLE
• A physical change A chemical change
• Boiling •Decomposing
• Freezing •Rusting
• Melting •Exploding
• vaporizing. •Burning
•oxidizing.
Is it chemical or physical
change?
 law of conservation of mass

• law of conservation of mass states that

mass is neither created nor destroyed
in a chemical reaction; it is conserved.
• Mass reactants = mass products
law of conservation of mass

Mass reactants = mass products

•law of conservation of mass atoms are neither
created nor destroyed.
•They are rearranged to form one or more new
substances.
 2.1 Properties of Matter
2.2 Changes in Matter
1. How matter can be described?
A.physical properties : ex densities, color,
melting point
B.Chemical properties : ability to burn,
ability to rust
2. How can changes in Matter be
described?
A physical change and Chemical
40
Change
Solve the following problem

1. In an experiment, 10.00 g of red mercury(II)

oxide powder is placed in an open flask and
heated until it is converted to liquid mercury and
oxygen gas. The liquid mercury has a mass of
9.26 g. What is the mass of oxygen formed in
the reaction?

41
Solve the following problem

2. From a laboratory process designed to

separate water into hydrogen and oxygen
gas, a student collected 10.0 g of hydrogen
and 79.4 g of oxygen. How much water was
originally involved in the process?

42
Solve the following problem
2. Use the data in the table to answer the
following questions.

How many grams of bromine reacted? How

many grams of compound were formed?

43
2.3 Elements and Compounds
Essential Questions:
What are elements and compounds?

2
45
 New Vocabulary

element
periodic table
compound
• An element is a pure substance that cannot be
separated into simpler substances by physical or
chemical means.
• The periodic table organizes the elements
into a grid of horizontal rows called periods
and vertical columns called groups or families.
• Elements in the same group have similar
chemical and physical properties.
• The table is called periodic because the
pattern of similar properties repeats from
period to period.
• A compound is made up of two or more different
elements that are combined chemically in a fixed ratio.
 Compounds
• Unlike elements, compounds
can be broken down into
simpler substances by chemical
means.
• Separating a compound into its
elements often requires
external energy, such as heat or
electricity.
• Electrolysis is shown on the left.
This process is used to
chemically change water into its
component elements—
hydrogen and oxygen.
2.4 Mixture of Matter
 Essential Questions:
• Would the substance still burn blue if it were mixed with another
substance?

2
54
 New Vocabulary

distillation mixture
sublimation heterogeneous mixture
chromatography homogeneous mixture
crystallization solution
filtration Review Vocabulary
•substance: a form of matter that has a uniform and
unchanging composition; also known as a pure substance
A mixture is a combination of two or more pure substances
in which each substance retains its individual chemical
properties.
A homogeneous mixture or A heterogeneous mixture
solution has constant does not have a uniform
composition throughout; it composition and the
always has a single phase. individual substances
remain distinct.
2.3 Elements and Compounds
2.4 Mixture of Matter
 Knowledge Organiser – Separating mixtures

Classify substances as pure and impure, and describe

Key Terms Definitions
techniques to separate mixtures
Pure A material that is composed of only one type of
Pure and Impure Substance
particle.
Pure Substances Impure A material that is composed of more than one type of
If you could see the particles in pure water, you would only particle.
see water particles. There would be no other particles. Evaporation A change of state involving a liquid changing to a gas
Examples of pure substances include gold, oxygen and
pure water. Distillation A process for separating the parts of a liquid solution.
The solvent is heated and the gas is collected and
Impure Substances cooled.
Impure materials may be mixtures of elements, mixtures of Filtration The act of pouring a mixture through a mesh, in
compounds, or mixtures of elements and compounds. For attempts to separate the components of the mixture.
example, even the most pure water will contain dissolved Mixture A material made up of at least two different pure
gases from the air. Impurities in a substance will affect its substances.
properties. For example, they may change its boiling
point. Chromatography A technique used to separate mixtures of coloured
compounds.
Pure Substances Impure Substances

Evaporation
This is good for separating a soluble solid from a liquid (a soluble substance
dissolves, to form a solution). For example copper sulphate crystals can be
separated from copper sulphate solution using evaporation. Remember
Mixtures
that it is the water that evaporates away, not the solution.
A mixture contains different substances that are not chemically joined to
each other. For example, a packet of sweets may contain a mixture of
different coloured sweets. The sweets are not joined to each other, so
they can be picked out and put into separate piles.
 Knowledge Organiser – Separating mixtures

Classify substances as pure and impure, and describe Distillation

techniques to separate mixtures
Filtration
This is good for separating an insoluble solid from a liquid. (An insoluble
substance is one that does not dissolve). Sand, for example, can be
separated from a mixture of sand and water using filtration. That's
because sand does not dissolve in water.
This is good for separating a liquid from a solution. For example, water
can be separated from salty water by simple distillation. This method
works because the water evaporates from the solution, but is then cooled
and condensed into a separate container. The salt does not evaporate
and so it stays behind. Distillation can also be used to separate two
liquids that have different boiling points.

Chromatography
Simple chromatography is carried out on paper. A spot of the mixture is placed near
the bottom of a piece of chromatography paper and the paper is then placed
upright in a suitable solvent, e.g. water. As the solvent soaks up the paper, it carries
the mixtures with it. Different components of the mixture will move at different
rates. This separates the mixture out.
 Law of Definite Proportions

The percent by mass is the ratio of the mass of

each element to the total mass of the compound
expressed as a percentage.
 Quiz

1. Which of the following is true of elements?

A All elements are naturally existing.

B An element is a pure substance that cannot be

separated into simpler substances by physical or
chemical means. CORRECT

C Water is an element.

D Different sets of elements share similar physical

properties, but they never share chemical properties.
 Quiz

2. How are elements in the periodic table organized?

A They are not organized in any particular pattern.

B They are organized alphabetically by their
chemical symbols.
C They are organized into horizontal rows called
CORRECT
periods and vertical columns called groups.
D They are organized into horizontal rows called
groups and vertical columns called periods.
 Quiz

3. Which of the following is not a compound?

A water C potassium iodide

B sodium chloride D hydrogen CORRECT

 Quiz

4. Which of the following is true of electrolysis?

A It separates water into one part hydrogen and

one part oxygen.
B It causes the physical change of water into its
component elements.
C It uses heat to break down a compound.

D It causes the chemical change of water into

its component elements.CORRECT