Summary Sheet

Session Number : 1

Date : 12.03.2007
Subject Expert :
Dr. M.C. Nataraja
Professor
Department of Civil Engineering,
Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering,
Mysore – 570 006.
Phone:0821-2343521, 9880447742
E-mail: nataraja96@yahoo.com
DETAILING OF STEEL IN
STAIR CASES

Learning Outcomes:

• After this students will be able to do the detailing of

staircases through drawing and bar bending
schedule.
Detailing of steel in Stair
cases
Contents
• Definition and parts of Stair cases
• Types of stair cases
• Requirements
• Detailing principles
• Problems
• Art of Drawing
• Bar bending schedule
STAIR CASE

Definition

Stair cases are used for the purpose of

giving access to different floors of a
structure.
Parts of stair a case

T
L2
L1
G

N
Le
R

FLIGHT
W

FIG.1 PARTS OF STAIR CASE

Fig. 2 DOG LEGGED STAIR CASE
 Parts of stairs

T
Flight and landing.
G
Steps N
Rise-R R
Going-G=T-N
W
Tread-T
Nosing -N θ
Types of stair cases

Based on shape
• Straight stairs
• Dog legged stairs
• Open well or open newel stairs
• Geometrical stairs such as spiral, circular, etc.
• Free standing stair cases
 Some photos
Straight SC Dog legged SC

Transversely
Geometric SC spanning SC
Open Well or Newel stair cases
II- FLIGHT

LANDING

OPEN
WELL OPEN
WELL

I- FLIGHT III- FLIGHT

WITH INTERMEDIATE FLIGHT WITHOUT INTERMEDIATE FLIGHT

OTHER STAIRCASES

SPIRAL AND
GEOMETRIC
STAIRCASES
RISER AND TREAD STAIRCASE
CLASSIFICATION
Based on type of span
• Horizontally spanning or transversely
spanning SC

• Longitudinally spanning SC.

For details refer IS:456-2000 and SP-34.

Guide lines for fixing the dimensions
Rise (R) : 150mm to 180mm
Tread (T) : 220 mm to 250 mm- for residential buildings.

Rise (R) : 120 to 150 mm

Tread (T) : 250 mm to 300 mm – for public buildings

[T + 2R] : Between 500 mm to 650 mm

The width of the stair

• 0.8 m to 1 m for residential building and
• 1.8 m to 2 m for public building.
Guide lines for fixing the dimensions Contd…
• The width of the landing is equal to the width of stairs.

• The number of steps in each flight should not be greater

than 12

• The pitch of the stair should not be more than 38 degrees.

• The head room measured vertically above any step or

below the mid landing shall not be less than 2.1 m.
Design of stairs
Design for maximum bending moment and check for
maximum shear force.

The depth is to be fixed from deflection criteria.

Stair case slab is designed as a conventional slab.

All rules regarding the detailing are similar to that of slab.

Enough development and anchorage lengths for steel

should be provided.
Transversally spanning stair case

MAIN STEEL 0.1Le-0.15Le

STEPS
0.5 Ast

D1
D2
STRINGER Ast
BEAMS STRINGER
BEAM Le STIRRUP
DIST. STEEL

Refer SP-34 for more details

 TRANSVERSLY SPANNING
0.1-0.15Le
DS
DB
0.5Ast
MAIN Ast DS
L
bW
Le

6φm

φm

STIRRUP DETAILS AND

HOOK

STAIR CASE SUPPORTED ON SIDE

BEAMS-DETAILS
LANDING WALL

EFFECTIVE SPAN FOR

LONGITUDINALLY
Le SPANNING STAIRCASES

WAIST SLAB

WAIST SLAB SUPPORTED AT THE

Case (a) ENDS OF LANDINGS
 GOING=G

X X Y Y

EFFECTIVE SPAN FOR

LONGITUDINALLY
Le
SPANNING STAIRCASES
Case (b)
Le=G +[ X +Y], X ≤1m AND Y ≤1m

Case (c)
Le Le=c/c of beams
Longitudinally spanning SC

Detailing
• Steel at bottom longitudinally-tension

• Anchorage and development steel

• Distribution steel

• Row of chairs

• Nominal foundation for ground flight

Exercise
A dog legged stair case is to be detailed with the
following particulars:
Clear dimension of stair case room=4.48 m x 2.1 m
The floor to floor height is 3.2 m
Width of each tread =250 mm
Width of each rise = 160 mm
Thickness of waist slab = 150 mm
Width of flight =1m
All round wall = 230 mm
Exercise contd.,
Both flights are supported at the ends of
landing on 230 mm wall.
(Landing and flight spans in the same direction)
The first flight starts from the plinth level
Main steel for each flight = #12@120
Distribution steel for each flight = #8@ 200
Use M20 concrete and Fe 415 steel.

Draw to a suitable scale

The plan of stair case
Sectional elevation of the Ground flight
Sectional elevation of the First flight
Bar bending schedule
Solution
Dimensioning:
R=160 mm, T= 250 mm
Floor to floor height = 3200mm
No of rises = 3200/R = 20. Each flight has 10 rises.
No of treads per flight=10-1 =9
Width of landing along flight
= (4480-9x250)/2 = 1115mm.
Going of flight=9x250 =2250mm
Development length = 47φ= 47 x 12 = 564 mm
 Exercise
Plan of stair case
1115 mm 2250 mm 1115 mm

Gap=0.1m 2100

Le = 4710 mm
PLAN
Clear dimension of stair case room=4.48 m x 2.1 m
 DETAILING Ld =564
FLOOR LEVEL

T= 250 ROW OF CHAIRS

REINFORCEMENT R=160 LAP L

FROM BM

LANDING FIRST FLIGHT

Ld =564
Main steel [B]
MAIN STEEL [A]
# 12 @ 120
Wall
DIST. STEEL [C]
# 8 @ 200
150
GL
[D,E]-
FOUNDATION
500 mm Anchorage
GROUND FLIGHT steel
500 mm
Landing and flight spans longitudinally
 DETAILING
Y
Y=0.3 l or Ld
l
X = 0.15 l or Ld LANDING
X
DS BEAM

Y
MAIN STEEL

150 FIRST FLIGHT

LANDING INTERMEDIATE
BEAM LANDING

ROW OF
CHAIRS MAIN STEEL # 12 @ 120
DIST. STEEL
# 8 @ 150
150
GL
FOOTING
500
GROUND FLIGHT 150

500 Le PLAN

Flight spans longitudinally on landing beams

Details at the junction of flight and landing
T
Wrong

Concrete spalling
due to tension in
steel
Ld

Ld

ok Extra steel if
needed
STRAIGHT STAIR CASE

Refer SP-34 and learn the details

 Bar bending schedule
For exercise problem
Total
length
Dia. Length in m
No. of
Member Mark in in Bar details Remarks
bars
mm m/piece
#12 #8

8
A 9 12 measure X1 spacings,
main bar
SC
B 9 12 measure X2 Main bar
GFl
Dist. Bar
C Count 8 960 Y1 L=1000-
2EC
 Bar bending schedule-
Contd.,
Anchorage
D 9 12 measure X3
Stair- bars
Ground
Floor Anchorage
E 9 12 measure X4
bars

Total length in m/diameter - -

Calculations are based on
Weight in kg/m -- -- actual measurement on
drawing sheet.
Total weight in kg/diameter --- ---
Estimation of quantity of concrete
Volume of concrete = L x B x D

L= length along the central line in m-measured

B=Breadth in m
D=Thickness of slab in m

Plus concrete in footing

Weight of concrete, kg = Volume x density

Conclusion
Students have learnt the following:
• Types of staircases.
• Effective span concept.
• Requirements of staircase.
• Detailing of steel.
• Importance of development length and anchorages.
• Drawing to scale and bar bending schedule.
 The end
Thank you very much
Dr. M. C. Nataraja