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Deep & Surface Structure-1 Syntax

The document discusses Noam Chomsky's theories of syntax from his 1957 publication 'Syntactic Structures' and 1965 publication 'Aspects of the Theory of Syntax', including his proposal of deep structure and surface structure, phrase structure rules, and his grammatical model consisting of a base component, phrase structure rules, lexicon, deep structure, surface structure, semantic component, and phonological component.

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138 views16 pages

Deep & Surface Structure-1 Syntax

The document discusses Noam Chomsky's theories of syntax from his 1957 publication 'Syntactic Structures' and 1965 publication 'Aspects of the Theory of Syntax', including his proposal of deep structure and surface structure, phrase structure rules, and his grammatical model consisting of a base component, phrase structure rules, lexicon, deep structure, surface structure, semantic component, and phonological component.

Uploaded by

21101270001
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Course Code: ENG-102

Class: BS-English Literature (Semester 1)


Session: 2023-2027
Lecturer: Iram
Syntactic Structures
• In 1957, Noam Chomsky published ‘Syntactic Structures’, in which he
developed the idea that each sentence in a language has two levels of
representation:

1. Deep Structure 2. Surface Structure

Kernel Sentences
Consists of noun Surface sentences or
phrase and verb transforms
phrase (passive sentences)
(active sentences) (concrete or produced)
(Abstract)
Phrase Structure Rules
• Phrase structure rules (PS-Rules) generate basic or deep structures.
These deep structures were then subjected to change
transformational-rules (T-Rules) into surface structures.
• In 1965, Chomsky published another book ‘Aspects of the theory of
Syntax’. In this book he proposed his grammatical model as:
Grammatical Model by Noam
Chomsky
Base Component

PS-Rules Lexicon

Deep Structure

Surface Structure

Semantic Phonological
Component Component
Grammatical Model by Noam Chomsky
• In this model, the base contains PS rules, which creates a kind of
skeleton for syntactic categories (NP, VP and so on) to fit in one after,
or under the other. Then comes lexicon, which is dictionary or
collection of words. It is called deep structure.
• T-rules apply and change the sentence so that it comes hanged form
to the surface level. Now it takes on a meaning and it is the semantic
component which gives that meaning. It can be spoken or written in
symbols which refer to sounds and that is phonological component.

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