Networking and the Internet

Layered Approach to
Internet Software III

Dr. M. Tanvir Afzal

 Layered Approach to Internet Software III

Network Layer
 When packet is received, it uses
forwarding table to send the packet.
 Hands-in the packet to Link layer.
 Link layer then process the packet to its
destination

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 Layered Approach to Internet Software III

Link Layer

 If the network is Ethernet, it uses

CSMA/CD
 If its wifi, it uses CSMA/CA.
 When the packet is received to link
layer of other side, it send to network
layer.

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 Layered Approach to Internet Software III

Network Layer

 At each step, packets final destination is

compared with forwarding table details.
 Network layer gives back the packet to
link layer.
 These two layers are only involved in
intermediate steps so forming the core of
routers.

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 Layered Approach to Internet Software III

Network Layer
 Routers can forward the packet in
millisecond.
 Network layer recognizes when the
packet reaches to its final destination.
 Packet is then handed over to transport
layer which assembles the original
message and hands over to application
layer.
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 Layered Approach to Internet Software III

Port Numbers
 Determining which unit within the
application layer should receive an
incoming message is an important task
of the transport layer. This is handled by
assigning unique (port numbers)

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 Layered Approach to Internet Software III

Accepted Port Numbers

 Browser contacts HTTP server at port #

80. Similarly SMTP clients knows to
contact application layers at server at port
# 25

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 Summary

Layered Approach to Internet Software

III
 Network Layer.
 Link Layer.
 Ports