WRITING AND

PRESENTING
A RESEARCH PROJECT

Miss: Iqra Habib

Nursing Lecturer
Mscn, Bscn
AGCON LHR
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OBJECTIVS
At the completion of this unit learners will be to;
 Select research topic with problem statement and in context with nursing
 Define the title, methodology and future plan of research study.
 Define scope and significance of the study
 How to write a literature Review
 A RESEARCH PROPOSAL 3
 To give a concise and clear outline of the objectives that you
want to achieve through your project. Your proposal needs to
show why the intended research is important and justifies the
search effort and proposed methods of solving it.
 Researcher give a clear idea of what the researcher plan to
study, why the study is needed, what method will be used to
achieve the study goals, how and when tasks will be
accomplished, and whether the researcher has the skills to
complete the project successfully.
 Proposals are written in the future tense (indicating what the
researcher will do) and obviously do not include results and
conclusions.
HOW TO WRITE A RESEARCH PROPOSAL
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T H E PROPO SAL U S U A L LY INCLUDES:

 TITLE.
 INTRODUCTION.
 PROBLEM STATEMENT
 OBJECTIVES.
 METHODOLOGY
 WORKPLAN.
 ANALYSIS
 RESULTS
 DISSCUSSION
 CONCLUSIONS
 RECOMMENDATIONS
 REFERENCES
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TITLE OF THE RESEARCH
PROJECT
 A good title should be short, accurate, and concise.
 Indicate the type of study you will conduct.
 Address the main problem you are planning to investigate.
 Is expected to be informative showing what, where and when the research has
been conducted
 It is important to specify the population which is to be investigated.
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TITLE OF THE RESEARCH
PROJECT
Examples:
 Incidence of TB in HIV- infected children in North Uganda 2007-2008
 Effects of a programme for nutritional supplementation on malaria morbidity in children
under five years in hyper-endemic area for malaria in Sudan (2000-2002).
Introduction

 Background of the study:

 Scope of the issue/problem
 Relevance of the study
 Significance (applicability into nursing
practice/education/research)
 Statement of the Problem
 Short SO WHAT statement
 What is the problem?
 Why is the problem important?
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INTRODUCTION
In an introduction, you should:
 Provide the necessary background for your research problem
• Brief description of your topic
 A brief summary of the literature ( Incidence, prevalence)
 A brief description of the gap in the literature ( Within recent 5 years)
 Problem statement ( What, why)
 Significance of study ( in future sentence)
 It should not exceed three pages
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PROBLEM STATEMENT
What is the research problem?
 Logical flow of statements: It should be consist of six components
 Problem Identification: What is wrong with the current situation?
 Magnitude, frequency, and distribution: Affected geographical areas and population
groups. Ethnic and gender considerations.
 Probable causes of the problem: What is the current knowledge of the problem and
its causes? How big a problem? How many people are affected?
 Knowledge Gap: What information about the problem is lacking?
 Proposed solution: What is the basis for believing that the proposed study would
contribute to the solution of the problem?
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Significance
W H Y S H O U L D THIS R E S E A R C H B E D O N E ?
 The justification should answer the following:
 How does the research relate to the national or regional priorities?
 What knowledge and information will be obtained?
 Will this study generate new knowledge?
 What is the ultimate purpose that the knowledge obtained from the study will
serve?
 Will the study benefit patients, advance understanding or influence policy?
 Will the study fill gaps in existing knowledge or resolve current controversies
 How will the results be used and who will be the beneficiaries?
Literature Review
Review of Literature

 Summary of What? Why? Who? How? When?

 NOT just a summary, but show how your work:-
 EXTENDS previous work
 AVOIDS previous mistakes
 IS UNIQUE to previously followed paths
 LR Answers THREE Questions:-
 What is the state of knowledge on this problem?
 Are there gaps in the literature?
 How your study will fill those gaps?
 Good Literature Review!!!
Reader knows

Reader doesn't know

 Good Literature Review!!!

Broad focus: Introduce the field

Focus on certain aspects in the field of interest

End with gap analysis

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RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

 The objective of the research are the goals to be achieved by the research project

 Research objectives should be closely related to the statement of the problem

 They are activities that the investigator will perform throughout the research process
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RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
 Writing your research objectives clearly helps to:
 Define the focus of your study
 Clearly identify variables to be measured
 Indicate the various steps to be involved
 Establish the limits of the study
 Avoid collection of any data that is not strictly necessary.
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RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
T H E R E S E A R C H O B J EC T IV ES M AY TA K E S E V E R A L FORMS:
1. QUESTIONS: answers are to be found from the research.
2. HYPOTHESIS: The formulated hypothesis is to be proved or disproved.
3. POSITIVE SENTENCES: to measure, To calculate, To identify
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RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
The research objectives can be subdivided :
1. General objective: describe in general terms what will be achieve your research and
why.
2. Specific objectives: break down the general objective into smaller, logically connected
parts that systematically address the various aspects of the problem.
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GENERAL OBJECTIVE:
EXAMPLE
 If the problem identified is low utilization of antenatal care services, the general objective
of the study could be to identify the reasons for this low uptake, in order to find ways of
improving it.
 To verify the differences in the malaria morbidity in children under five when they
participate in the nutritional supplementation programme as compared to those who do
not participate.
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SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
EXAMPLE
 These disaggregate and follow logically from the general objective.
They provide a preliminary view of the research design.
Example:
 To estimate the incidence of malaria in children covered by the nutritional
supplementation programme and the incidence of malaria in children who receive
standard nutrition.
 To identify the protective factors that help to explain the differences in the incidence of
malaria according to the type of supplementation received.
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THE CRITERIA OF A GOOD RESEARCH
OBJECTIVE

 Objectives should be:

 Specific – states exactly what you need to achieve

 Logical and coherent

 Feasible

 Realistic, considering local conditions

 Defined in operational terms that can be measured

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THE CRITERIA OF A GOOD RESEARCH
OBJECTIVE
 Objectives should be stated using action verbs that are specific enough to be measured,
for example: to compare, to calculate, to identify, to determine, to calculate, to
describe, to measure, etc.
 Avoid the use of vague non-active verbs such as: to appreciate, to understand, to believe,
to notice, etc., because it is difficult to evaluate whether they have been achieved.
 Hypotheses

 Statement of expected relationship between two or more variables

 It is an integral part of the scientific method that forms the basis of
scientific experiments. Therefore, required only in Interventional
Studies

 Explain what you expect to Happen

 Contain independent and dependent variables.
Operational Definition
 Definition in context of objectives of the study
 Explains how your variables be measured in ‘real life terms’
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REFERENCES
 Burns, N., & Grove, S. K. (2018). Understanding nursing research-eBook:
Building an evidence-based practice. Elsevier Health Sciences.
 Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2018). Nursing research: Principles and
methods Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
 Google images