Chapter 5

The Network Layer

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 The Leaky Bucket Algorithm

(a) A leaky bucket with water. (b) a leaky bucket with packets.
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 .

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 .

a) .
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 .

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 .

a) .
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The Leaky
Bucket
Algorithm
(a) Input to a leaky bucket.
(b) Output from a leaky
bucket. Output from a token
bucket with capacities of (c)
250 KB, (d) 500 KB, (e)
750 KB, (f) Output from a
500KB token bucket feeding
a 10-MB/sec leaky bucket.
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 The Token Bucket Algorithm

5-34

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(a) Before. (b) After.
 Internetworking
• How Networks Differ
• How Networks Can Be Connected
• Concatenated Virtual Circuits
• Connectionless Internetworking
• Internetwork Routing
• Fragmentation

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 Connecting Networks

A collection of interconnected networks.

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 How Networks Differ

5-43

Some of the many ways networks can differ.

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 Concatenated Virtual Circuits

Internetworking using concatenated virtual circuits.

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 Connectionless Internetworking

A connectionless internet.
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 Internetwork Routing

(a) An internetwork. (b) A graph of the internetwork.

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14.1 INTRA- AND INTERDOMAIN
ROUTING
Routing inside an autonomous system is referred to as intradomain
routing. Routing between autonomous systems is referred to as
interdomain routing.

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 15

Figure 14.2 Popular routing protocols

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 16

Figure 14.1 Autonomous systems

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 17

 Fragmentation

(a) Transparent fragmentation. (b) Nontransparent fragmentation.

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NAT – Network Address Translation

Placement and operation of a NAT box.

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