Cyber Physical System

Unit - IV

By
N.D. Patel
Email: narottamdaspatel@vitbhopal.ac.in
Linkden: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ndpatel18/
Contact Number: 9450095800 1
 Cyber Physical System

Unit - IV
Data Analytics: Introduction to Machine Learning. Mathematical
Optimization - planning and guidance. Basics of Neural Networks. Deep
Learning.
Visualization Tools: Data Abstraction – Task Abstraction – Labels for
Validation – Visualization Framework and workflow design - Augmented
Reality. Cyber Twin Concept. Microsoft Cloud with
Power Business Intelligence.
2
 100 Terms for DATA SCIENTEST
A- Accuracy, AUC, ARIMA
B- Bias, Binomial Distribution, Bayes
C- Clustering, CNN, Confusion Matrix, Cross-Validation
D- DNN, Data mining, Decision Tree, Dimensionality Reduction
E- Ensemble, EDA, Entropy
F- F-Score, Feature Extraction, Feature Engineering
.
.
.
.Z- Z-test, Z-Sore,….etc
Introduction to Machine Learning
What is Data Science?

Machine Learning

MACHINE
Wikipedia describes Data Science as: LEARNING
COMPUTER
MATHEMATICS SCIENCE

“a multi-disciplinary field that uses DATA

SCIENCE
scientific methods, processes, algorithms DATA
STATISTICAL
and systems to extract knowledge and RESEARCH
PROCESSING

insights from structured and unstructured DOMAIN

EXPERTISE
data.”
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_science
What is ML?

“Programming computers to learn from experience should

eventually eliminate the need for much of this detailed
programming effort”
Arthur Samuel (1959) – Computer
Scientist
Data
Classical Programming (Rules, if/else, etc.) Answers
Rules

Data
ML Algorithms Trained ML Models (Rules) Answers
Answers

New Similar Data

Machine Learning Lifecycle

Answer

New Data/Re-training Deployment

Business
Problem Data Processing Yes
• Data Collection
• Data Preprocessing Model
ML Problem • Data Visualization Meets
• Training
Formulation • Data Augmentation Algorithm • Tuning
Business
• Feature Engineering Goal?
• Evaluation
• Etc.

No
Some Important ML Terms

ML Statistics/Math/other Simply Put

Label/Target/y Dependent/Response/Output Variable The thing you’re trying to predict

Feature/x Independent/Explanatory/Input Variable Data that help you make predictions

Feature Engineering Transformation Reshaping data to get more value

1d, 2d,… nd Dimensionality Number of features
A set of numbers embedded in a
Model Parameters Weights
model that can predict the labels
Finding the ‘best’ set of model
Model Training Optimization
parameters
Why ML? Why now?

Data
• larger amounts of data, easy to produce, collect and store
Compute
• powerful processing units, hardware acceleration, parallelization
Algorithms
• ML frameworks, libraries, improved and more efficient techniques

Data
ML Algorithms Trained ML Models (Rules) Answers
Answers

New Similar Data

Introduction to Machine Learning

DATA + ALGORITHMS/STATISTICAL + LEARNING/ANALYSE/Recognize

Patterns/Predictions/Decisions

Create Inferences/Improving
Accuracy/Performance over time

A MACHINE TO IMITATE INTELLIGENT HUMAN BEHAVIOR

Introduction to Machine Learning: Applications

• Image and Speech Recognition: Google search, etc

• NLP- Natural Language Processing: language translation
• Recommendation Systems
• Medical Diagnosis
• Financial Forecasting
• Autonomous Vehicles
• Image Processing

• AutoML
• ……
Introduction to Machine Learning: Applications

Business/ML Problem Description Example

Ranking algorithm within Amazon Search
Ranking Helping users find the most relevant thing

Giving users the thing they may be most

Recommendation interested in

Classification Figuring out what kind of thing something is

Regression Predicting a numerical value of a thing

Clustering Putting similar things together

Anomaly Detection Finding uncommon things

Introduction to Machine Learning: Applications

Business/ML Problem Description Example

Recommendations across the website
Ranking Helping users find the most relevant thing

Giving users the thing they may be most

Recommendation interested in

Classification Figuring out what kind of thing something is

Regression Predicting a numerical value of a thing Amazon’s Choice

Clustering Putting similar things together

Anomaly Detection Finding uncommon things

Introduction to Machine Learning: Applications

Business/ML Problem Description Example

Product classification for our catalog
Ranking Helping users find the most relevant thing

Giving users the thing they may be most

Recommendation interested in

Classification Figuring out what kind of thing something is

High-Low Dress Straight Dress

Regression Predicting a numerical value of a thing

Clustering Putting similar things together

Anomaly Detection Finding uncommon things Striped Skirt Graphic Shirt

Introduction to Machine Learning: Applications

Business/ML Problem Description Example

Predicting sales for specific ASINs
Ranking Helping users find the most relevant thing

Giving users the thing they may be most

Recommendation interested in

Classification Figuring out what kind of thing something is

Regression Predicting a numerical value of a thing

Clustering Putting similar things together

Anomaly Detection Finding uncommon things Seasonality | Out of stock | Promotions

Introduction to Machine Learning: Applications

Business/ML Problem Description Example

Close-matching for near-duplicates
Ranking Helping users find the most relevant thing

Giving users the thing they may be most

Recommendation interested in

Classification Figuring out what kind of thing something is

Regression Predicting a numerical value of a thing

Clustering Putting similar things together

Anomaly Detection Finding uncommon things

Introduction to Machine Learning: Applications

Business/ML Problem Description Example

Fruit freshness
Ranking Helping users find the most relevant thing

Giving users the thing they may be most Before After

Recommendation interested in

Classification Figuring out what kind of thing something is

Regression Predicting a numerical value of a thing

Clustering Putting similar things together

Good
Damage
Serious Damage
Anomaly Detection Finding uncommon things Decay
 Quick Development Toolkit for Augmented Reality Visualization

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/16/8338
Using Augmented Reality in Different BIM Workflows
 Virtual and Augmented Reality Tool Workflow

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/