BUREAU OF FIRE PROTECTION

“Save Lives and Protect Properties”

MODULE 2
GENERAL
INFORMATION
CALAMBA CITY FIRE STATION
OBJECTIVE:
1. BE KNOWLEDGEABLE ON THE BASIC
ABOUT FIRE

2. KNOW HOW TO RESPOND/COMMUNICATE

PROMTLY TO A FIRE CALLER

3. KNOW HOW TO PERFORM DUTIES AND

RESPONSIBILITIES OF A FIREFIGHTER SAFELY
CHEMISTRY FIRE
WHAT IS FIRE?
Is a rapid, self-sustaining
oxidation process of
combustible materials
accompanied by the
evolution of heat and light
of varying intensity.
 TWO KINDS OF FIRE
HELPFUL DESTRUCTIVE
Controlled Fire Uncontrolled Fire
FIRE TRIANGLE AND FIRE TETRAHEDRON
Paano nga ba nabubuo ang apoy? ENOUGH TEMPERATURE TO MAKE THE
FUEL IGNITE AND BURN
• Wood - 250°C
• Plastic – melt at 120°C, Ignite at 349°C
• Paper - 218°C
• Gasoline - 232°C

16% Required for combustion.

HEAT
Normal air contains 21% ANYTHING THAT WILL BURN
Oxygen. • Solid (Paper, Plastic, Wood, Cloth)
• Liquid (Gasoline, Paint, Alcohol)
• Gas ( Butane, Hydrogen, Acetylene

OXYGEN FUEL
CHARACTERISTICS
OF FIRE
 FIRE IS…..
“FAST”
Fire can spread quickly

A fire doubles every 30seconds under normal conditions.

 In as little as 3
minutes a small fire
can erupt into a major
fire or “flashover”.
 EARLY DETECTION DEVICES
SMOKE DETECTOR HEAT DETECTOR

Both types of detectors can detect a fire, but these products are designed to serve different needs

• Smoke detectors fit in all rooms where a fire might start. But in smoky or steamy rooms like your kitchen or
bathroom, a heat alarm is more suitable
 EARLY DETECTION DEVICES
FIRE ALARM ALARM HORN/STROBE
EARLY SUPPRESSION DEVICES
SPRINKLER
FIRE IS…..
“DARK”
A small fire can produce enough
smoke to fill a building in minutes
 Fire starts bright, but
quickly produces black
smoke and complete
darkness.
“The use of luminous emergency signage and way-finding systems”
ESCAPE/EVACUATION PLAN
FIRE IS…..
“HOT”
Hot enough to melt clothes, skin and scorch your lungs in one breath
 Within minutes, the air
temperature in a burning
building room can reach
300 degrees Celsius.

A room can get so hot that

everything in it ignites at
once (flashover)
FIRE IS…..
“DEADLY”
“Smoke and toxic gases kill more people than flames do”
Most people who die in fires,
dies from breathing smoke
and toxic gases.
 SMOKE HAZARDS
(FIRE RELATED DEATHS 90%)
TOXIC GASES
Mixes with moisture in the
eyes, nose and throat, which
causes coughing and hacking.
Then turns into nitric acid,
Nitrogen Oxide

which starts to burn the

tissue.
Carbon Dioxide Hydrogen Cyanide
EFFECTS OF TOXIC SMOKE

Irritates the eye,

nose and throat
EFFECTS OF TOXIC SMOKE

Coughing and hacking

EFFECTS OF TOXIC SMOKE

Disoriented
dazed and dizzy
EFFECTS OF TOXIC SMOKE

Panic breathing
EFFECTS OF TOXIC SMOKE

Burns your tissues

and
your lungs
EFFECTS OF TOXIC SMOKE

Numbs your senses

EFFECTS OF TOXIC SMOKE

Causes you to sleep

(sedate).
MECHANISM OF FIRE
SMOKE
HEAT

CHIMNEY EFFECT

The natural tendency of

FLAME
heat and smoke to flow
upwards.
 BACKDRAFT
Smoke explosion through the sudden
introduction of air.

Improper ventilation during fire fighting operations may result in a backdraft.

HOW FIRE SPREAD?
 CONDUCTION
Transfer of heat through a medium.

When a fire heats up a material that's a good heat conductor, like metal, which
then comes into contact with a combustible material.
 CONVECTION
Transfer of heat through the movement of air or liquid.

Most dangerous way in which fire can spread through a property. The heat generated by a
fire naturally rises, but in an enclosed space such as an office, this heat becomes trapped
when it hits the ceiling.
 RADIATION
Travel in open space until it reaches an opaque object.

Heat via electromagnetic waves in the air. Heat transmits in every

direction until it reaches an object which absorbs it.
FIRE EXTINGUISMENT METHOD
 COOLING METHOD

Reduction of
temperature/heat by
means of water
 SMOTHERING

(Blanketing)
Exclusion of
oxygen
 STARVATION

Removal of Fuel
BREAKING
CHEMICAL
REACTION
CLASSES OF FIRE
CLASS “A” FIRE

Wood, Paper, Clothes, trash,

and other ordinary materials
CLASS “B” FIRE

Gasoline, Oil, Paint ant other

flammable liquids
CLASS “C” FIRE

Electrical, Energized
Electrical Equipment
CLASS “D” FIRE

Combustible Metals
e.g Aluminum, Magnesium, Sodium, Titanium etc.
CLASS “K” FIRE

Cooking Media
e.g Vegetable oil, animal oil etc.
WHAT TO DO WHEN FIRE
HAPPENS?
DON’T PANIC
KNOW YOUR ESCAPE PLAN
 REMEMBER!!

S-A-F-E-T-Y
s
SOUND THE ALARM
 ALERT THE FIRE

A
FIGHTERS
 545-1695
09454904131
 FIGHT THE FIRE

F
(If Possible..)
 EVACUATE

E
 TELL OTHERS

T
Family, Relatives, Friends etc.
 YOU GET CLEAR

Y
EVACUATION PROCEDURE
A- ALARM
R- RESPONSE
E- EVACUATE
A- ASSEMBLE
H- HEADCOUNT
E - EVALUATE
WHEN SOMEONE CATCHES FIRE?

- STOP
- DROP
- ROLL
 WHEN SMOKE IS AROUND?

COVER
YOUR FACE,
STAY LOW
and GO!
 GOLDEN RULE IN CASE OF FIRE!

NEVER
GO
BACK!!
 PORTABLE
FIRE
EXTINGUISHER
It is usually the
first aid for
emergency fire
suppression
DIFFERENT TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER
DRY CHEMICAL
(POWDERED TYPE)
AQUEOUS FILM FORMING FOAM
(WATER BASED)
HYDROFLUOROCARBON-236fa
(CLEAN AGENT TYPE)
 WET CHEMICAL
(Potassium Carbonate Based Solution)
 SIZES OF PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
(in lbs)

• 5 lbs • 50 lbs
• 10 lbs • 100 lbs
• 15 lbs • 200 lbs
• 20 lbs
 PARTS OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER
LEVER
SAFETY SEAL
SAFETY PIN
HANDLE
PRESSURE GAUGE

LABEL

HOSE

CYLINDER TANK

NOZZLE
HOW TO USE THE FIRE EXTINGUISHER?
 REMEMBER!!

T-P-A-S-S
 TWIST THE PIN

T
 PULL THE PIN

P
 AIM THE NOZZLE

A
 SQUEEZE THE

S
LEVER
 SWEEP FROM SIDE

S
TO SIDE
Check your distance from Check the wind direction
the based of fire.
At least 6-8 feet!
 RULES ON FIGHTING FIRES

KNOW WHAT
IS BURNING
 RULES ON FIGHTING FIRES

IS THE FIRE
SPREADING?
 RULES ON FIGHTING FIRES

ALWAYS
POSITION
YOURSELF WITH
AN EXIT OR
MEANS OF
EGRESS AT YOUR
BACK
FIRE BRIGADE ORGANIZATION
 Fire Brigade Organization (FBO)
An organized group of private firefighters recognized by the
BFP, who have voluntarily formed themselves to perform fire-
related activities.
RA 9514 (FIRE CODE OF THE PHIL.)

RULE 6
FIRE BRIGADES, FIRE VOLUNTEER ORGANIZATIONS AND
FIRE SAFETY PRACTITIONERS
D I V I S I O N 2 . O R G A N I Z AT I O N O F F I R E B R I G A D E S

SECTION 6.0.2.1 requirements

A. All business establishments employing at least fifty (50)

persons, shall in addition to the requirements set forth under
Section 7 of RA 9514 for the grants of Fire Safety Inspection
Certificate (FSIC) shall establish an organization of fire brigade
to deal with fire and other related emergencies
 FIRE BRIGADE ORGANIZATION
CHIEF/ HEAD

SAFETY
OFFICER

COMMUNICATION SEARCH AND

FIREFIGHTING Evacuation Team SALVAGE FIRST AID
/Security RESCUE

Assist the
Responder to the Nozzleman Assist the RED-Priority
Well oriented EMT
Scene, The ne Backup Employees to personnel BLUE-Important
who call the fire evacuation Trained Personnel
Operator GREEN-least Important
Station
 BUREAU OF FIRE PROTECTION
REGION 4A
PROVINCE OF LAGUNA
CALAMBA CITY FIRE STATION

THANK YOU AND GOD BLESS!

Bfp Calamba FS Laguna 545-1695 / 09454904131