Access Control

ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEMS
Lesson #13 – Cyber Attacks

Vital Installation Security

Lesson #13 – Cyber Attacks -2

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Objectives
• Define access control
• Explain basic access
control concepts
• Describe access
control systems
• Common methods used
to control access
• Access control
guidelines
• Identify equipment
used in access control
• Entry/exit search
Lesson #13 – Cyber Attacks
ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEMS
 Part of the overall security systems used to
determine who and what is permitted to enter
a facility.
 A method used to identify individuals,
packages or vehicles as they pass through a
controlled entrance or exit.

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Access Authorization
 Access Authorization: A process of

making a decision to grant access or
otherwise after proper verification and
identification of a person, package or
vehicle.

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 Manning the entrance
 Controlling traffic
 Vetting of all guests and
staff
 Recording entries/exits
 Detecting surveillance
 Conducting Searches
 Customer care (first
impression)
Objective: control the movement

of vehicles, people and
packages.

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“ ONYO”
MBWA KALI
BEWARE OF
PICKPOCKETS

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BASIC CONCEPTS
• Must serve the intended

purposes
• Perceived difficulty
• Security zones
(insider/outsider threat)
• Used in tandem with other
physical security systems
• Systems employed
should be commensurate
with the asset protected

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The more difficult it appears
to an intruder to gain access
into a facility, the less he is
likely to attempt to gain
unauthorized entry.
Lesson #13 – Cyber Attacks - 10

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A good access control system coupled with other physical
security elements can create a psychological deterrent.

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ACCESS CONTROL GUDELINES
 Minimum number of
entrances
 Clearly defined barriers
 Complies with the
country’s safety codes
and regulations
 Access control systems
employed must be
commensurate with the
asset protected.
 Security in depth
(concentric rings)
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Factors to consider
 Cost of the system

 User compatibility
 Enrolment time and effort
 The operating speed
 Error rate
 Imposter resistance
 Profile storage

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Methods used to control access
 Visual/physical identification
 Unique possession
 Unique knowledge
 Unique biometric

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Various components of A.C.S
• Locks & key.

• guards
• Identification system.
• Barriers
• Search

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SEARCH TECHNIQUES

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• Why do we carry out search?
• How should it be done?
• Do we need equipment?
• When should we carry out search?
• Who do you think needs to be searched?
• What should we be looking for?
• What if we come across what we are looking for?
• What if the subject doesn’t want to be searched?
N/B; Think about customer care vs security

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Reasons for search
• Prevent entry of prohibited items/unauthorized
people
• Prevent theft

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This is why we conduct search

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Search Equipment
• Metal detectors.
• Belly scope mirrors
• X-ray machines
• Explosive detector
machines
• Search dogs
• Manual inspection
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Points to consider
• Position of entry.
• Gender – female officials for female’s luggage.
• What to search for - Confirm
• Serviceability of detectors/scanner
• Search conduct – tact, quick but thorough, systematic &

methodical approach
• Human rights - avoid violation
• Professionalism – act in accordance with the law.
• Courtesy - compliments

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Important points to consider during
search.
 Be professional-remain focussed throughout
the search.
 Be systematic in your search.
 Confirm everything
 Consult when you are not sure of anything.
 Consider decency-don’t be too intrusive.
 Record in your notebook anything that is
recovered during search, time among other
details.
 Remain alert all the time.

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Seacrch observations
 Person Demeanor - blushing
 Eye Contact – evasive glances
 Body Movements – restless, nervous
 Mode of dressing - bulky Clothing
 Protruding object or exposed wires etc
 Peculiarities – frowning
 Any other conduct which is suspicious in

appearance and behavior.
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Things to avoid during search
 Chewing Gum, eating and drinking.
 Making Phone calls.
 Using abusive or obscene language.
 Sitting.
 Quarrelling-act with decorum.
 Searching clients’ bags or luggage in private;
involve them and your colleagues.
 Searching the opposite gender.
 Begging for money and other materials i.e for
Bank Guards manning ATMs.
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Factor determining the nature of search
• Prevailing situation
• Environment
• Suspicion
• Find
• Intel

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How Far can we go during search?

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Reception desk
• Identity check – names, IDs,

Passports, physical appearance
• Luggage check
• Record/log in
• Observation – detect surveillance
• Movements (give directions)
• Guest friends
• Report suspicion

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Vehicle Searches

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Vehicle searches are defensive searches. They are
meant to find explosives or other threats before that
vehicle gets close to a target.
What are the targets: VIPs, government buildings,

special events, hotels, military and police facilities.

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Vehicle Search Plan
 Stand off distance - how far from the target do

I search
 Exclusion zone - do have barriers to stop a

vehicle from driving around my checkpoint?
 What do I do if:
1. a vehicle does not stop for the checkpoint?
2. a driver suddenly turns around when it sees
the checkpoint?

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Vehicle Exclusion Zone
 How close to a
building are you
going to set your
checkpoint to
search vehicles?
 Minimum distance
is 30 meters. 100
meters is better.

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Do you have plans/barriers to stop vehicles
from driving through/around your
checkpoint?

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Checkpoint Considerations
 Vehicles appearing to signal others.
 Passengers exiting vehicles or turning around after
discovery of a checkpoint.
 Occupants that are overly polite and cooperative.
 Windows down during bad weather or strong cover
scents
 Vehicles that appear overloaded.
 Indications of forced entry or stolen vehicle.
 Driver unable to approximate the contents of the
vehicle trunk or not familiar with vehicle.

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Vehicle Screening (Quick Looks)
DO NOT TOUCH ANYTHING

CONSIDERED SUSPECT
Screening (Quick Looks) are
Appropriate When:
When the Threat is Low to
Moderate
When Time is a Limiting Factor
Screening (Quick Looks) Consist of:
External Visual Inspection of
Stopped or Moving Vehicles
Making Eye Contact with
Occupants
Visually Scanning Passenger
Compartment/Interior of Vehicle
Checking the Trunk/Cargo
compartment

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Detailed Vehicle Search
Detailed Search are Appropriate

When:
When Suspicion is Aroused
In High Threat Areas
When Time Is Not a Limiting
Factor
Detailed Searches Consist of:
Stopping and interrogating
the vehicle occupants
A detailed search will focus
on 5 areas:
•Exterior
•Trunk or cargo area
•Engine compartment
•Undercarriage
•Interior

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Detailed Vehicle Search Procedures
Eight Point Search

1.Front Bumper/Hood
1
2.Front Left Wheel Wheel
2 8
3.Left Between Wheels
4.Rear Left Wheel Wheel
3 7
5.Rear Bumper/Trunk
6.Rear Right Wheel Wheel
4 6
7.Right Between Wheel 5
8.Front Right Wheel W

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Detailed Vehicle Inspection Checklist
 Driver and passengers exit vehicle.
 Always watch the hands of the driver and

passengers to make sure they do not activate any
switches or have a weapon.
 Search the driver and passengers. They may be

wearing a suicide vest or have a weapon. Do not
allow use of mobile phones.
 Have the driver open the doors, hood and trunk.

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Separate driver and passengers. Question each one
individually. Compare their stories to see if they match:
 Where are they coming from?
 Where are they going?
 How do they know each other?
 What is in the car?
Maintain control of the passengers and driver at all times.
Check all identification.
Have passengers face away from the vehicle while it is being
searched.

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• Inspect area behind rear
seat for packages and
wires.
• Inspect under dashboard.
• Look under carpet and floor
mats for wires.
• Never touch wires or
switches.
• Inspect and look under
spare tire.

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• Inspect all luggage and
packages.
• Be aware of innocent items
(newspapers, envelopes,
etc).
• Inspect bumpers, wheels,

covers.
• Inspect complete chassis

with mirrors.
• Inspect gas tank closely

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Detailed Vehicle Inspection:
Possible indicators of a IED
• Any large containers

• Any military ordnance or
explosives
• Alterations to the CNG or gas
tank
• New paint or parts
• Shiny or new screws and bolts
• New or broken welds
• Fresh caulk or epoxy
• Wires that are not part of the car
• New battery
• Extra wires connected to the
battery

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Possible indicators of a IED
 Switches that are not original to the car

 Clean engine in a dirty car
 Areas that are dirtier or cleaner than the rest of the
vehicle
 False compartments in or under the vehicle
 Head lights or tail lights that do not work
 Unusual bulges in front or rear seats
 Interior or cargo area floor that is higher than normal
 Doors, trunk, or hood that are heavier than normal

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If you find an IED or Explosives:
 Do Not Touch or Disturb it

 Tell other checkpoint personnel what you
have found
 Control driver and passengers
 Evacuate the area
 Report and request EOD
 Cordon off the area
N/B 5c’s

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QUESTIONS
END
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Access Control

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ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEMS

Lesson #13 – Cyber Attacks

Lesson #13 – Cyber Attacks -2

Lesson #13 – Cyber Attacks -4

 Access Authorization: A process of

Lesson #13 – Cyber Attacks -5

Objective: control the movement

Lesson #13 – Cyber Attacks -6

Lesson #13 – Cyber Attacks -8

• Must serve the intended

Lesson #13 – Cyber Attacks -9

Lesson #13 – Cyber Attacks - 10

Lesson #13 – Cyber Attacks - 11

 Cost of the system

Lesson #13 – Cyber Attacks - 13

Lesson #13 – Cyber Attacks - 14

• Locks & key.

Lesson #13 – Cyber Attacks - 15

Lesson #13 – Cyber Attacks - 16

• How should it be done?

• When should we carry out search?

• Who do you think needs to be searched?

• What should we be looking for?

• What if we come across what we are looking for?

• What if the subject doesn’t want to be searched?

N/B; Think about customer care vs security

Lesson #13 – Cyber Attacks - 17

Lesson #13 – Cyber Attacks - 18

Lesson #13 – Cyber Attacks - 19

• Belly scope mirrors

• Gender – female officials for female’s luggage.

• What to search for - Confirm

• Search conduct – tact, quick but thorough, systematic &

• Professionalism – act in accordance with the law.

Lesson #13 – Cyber Attacks - 21

Lesson #13 – Cyber Attacks - 22

 Person Demeanor - blushing

 Eye Contact – evasive glances

 Body Movements – restless, nervous

 Mode of dressing - bulky Clothing

 Protruding object or exposed wires etc

 Any other conduct which is suspicious in

Lesson #13 – Cyber Attacks - 25

Lesson #13 – Cyber Attacks - 26

• Identity check – names, IDs,

Lesson #13 – Cyber Attacks - 27

Lesson #13 – Cyber Attacks - 28

What are the targets: VIPs, government buildings,

Lesson #13 – Cyber Attacks - 29

 Stand off distance - how far from the target do

 Exclusion zone - do have barriers to stop a

Lesson #13 – Cyber Attacks - 30

Lesson #13 – Cyber Attacks - 31

Lesson #13 – Cyber Attacks - 32

Lesson #13 – Cyber Attacks - 33

DO NOT TOUCH ANYTHING

Lesson #13 – Cyber Attacks - 34

Detailed Search are Appropriate

Lesson #13 – Cyber Attacks - 35

Eight Point Search

8.Front Right Wheel W

 Driver and passengers exit vehicle.