CHAPTER – 3

LIGHT
Normal:-
• A straight line which is perpendicular on the mirror.
• Angle of incident: -
• Angle between incident ray and normal.
• Angle of reflection: -
• Angle between reflected ray and normal.
• Improve your concept here:
• Mark angle of incident, reflection
and normal in the given diagram.
IMAGE FORMATION BY A PLANE
MIRROR: -
Complete ray diagrams and write properties
of image.
LATERALLY INVERTED: -
• The phenomenon where your left-side appears as the right-side
and vice versa in a mirror is referred to as Lateral Inversion
and formed image is known as LATERALLY INVERTED.
REAL IMAGE: -
• An image that can be formed on a screen.
• For example: Image formed by projector.
• VIRTUAL IMAGE: - An image that can be formed on a screen.
• For example: Image formed by mirror.
RAY DIAGRAME OF REFRACTION Try by yourself
OF LIGHT: -
Define the following:- (Try by yourself)
• Normal:-

• Angle of incident: -

• Angle of reflection: -
Calculation of
refractive index: -

• Refractive index = Speed of light

in vacuum / Speed of light in
material

•
OR

n=c/v
Question - In an experiment the angle of incidence was
measured as 30 and the angle of refraction as 19. Calculate the
refractive index of the glass block. Sin30 = 0.5 and Sin19 =
0.33
• Ans.
Question - If a ray is refracted at an angle of 14° and the
refractive index is 1.2, compute the angle of incidence.
• Ans.
Question - A beam of flashlight traveling in air incident on a surface of a
thin glass at an angle of 38∘ with the normal. The index of refraction of
the glass is 1.56. What is the angle of refraction?
• Ans.
 USE OF TIR IN
TELECOMMUNICATION: -
 n = 1 /sinc
Recall and use the Where - n = refractive index
equation n = 1 /sinc c = critical angle
:-
LENS: - lens is a transparent material bounded by two
surfaces.

• Types of lens: -
• 1. Convex lens or Converging lens
• (Thin at edge & thick at middle)
• 2. Concave lens or Diverging lens
• (Thick at edge & thin at middle)
Converging action of a convex lens: -
.
Principal axis: - It is straight line which passes from
optic centre of the lens and perpendicular on its axis.
• Principal Focus of Focal Point: - It is a point on
principal axis where all refracted ray of light concentrated
together.

• Focal-Length: - The distance from the centre of the lens

to principal focus is called focal-length.