English Word Formation

By: Mohammad Fadil

English Lecturer,
Jember University Language Centre
A. Suffixes (Ind: Akhiran))
NOUN + ...ful = ADJECTIVE (meaning: full of, having)
NOUN + ...less = ADJECTIVE (meaning: without)
NOUN ...ful (ADJECTIVE) ...less (ADJECTIVE)
care careful careless

art artful artless

color colorful colorless

success successful -
wonder wonderful -
beauty beautiful -
price - priceless
count
- countless
wire - wireless
A. Suffixes (Ind: Akhiran)
COUNT NOUN + hood = NONCOUNT ABSTRACT NOUN

NOUN ...hood (ABSTRACT NOUN)

adult adulthood

brother brotherhood

child childhood

neighbor neighborhood
A. Suffixes (Ind: Akhiran)
COUNT NOUN + ship = NONCOUNT ABSTRACT NOUN

NOUN ...ship (ABSTRACT NOUN)

leader leadership

friend friendship

fellow fellowship

relation relationship

member membership
A. Suffixes (Ind: Akhiran)
ADJECTIVE + ness = NONCOUNT ABSTRACT NOUN

ADJECTIVE ...ness (ABSTRACT NOUN)

kind kindness

appropriate appropriateness

polite politeness

weak weakness

serious seriousness
A. Suffixes (Ind: Akhiran)
ADJECTIVE + ity = ABSTRACT NOUN

ADJECTIVE ...ity (ABSTRACT NOUN)

able ability

active activity

loyal loyalty

accessible accessibility

legal legality
A. Suffixes (Ind: Akhiran)
VERB + tion (sion) = NOUN

VERB ...tion(sion) (NOUN)

abort abortion

distribute distribution

promote promotion

admit admission

construct construction
A. Suffixes (Ind: Akhiran)
VERB + er = NOUN

VERB ...er (NOUN)

announce announcer

blend blender

lend lender

publish publisher

convert converter
A. Suffixes (Ind: Akhiran)
VERB + or = NOUN

VERB ...or (NOUN)

distribute distributor

contract contractor

connect connector

motivate motivator

create creator
A. Suffixes (Ind: Akhiran)
VERB + ment = NOUN

VERB ...ment (NOUN)

develop development

announce announcement

manage management

arrange arrangement

settle settlement
A. Suffixes (Ind: Akhiran)
VERB + able (...ible) = ADJECTIVE

VERB ...able(ible) (ADJECTIVE)

accept acceptable

access accessible

account accountable

debate debatable

read readable
A. Suffixes (Ind: Akhiran)
VERB + ive (ative) = ADJECTIVE

VERB ...ive(ative) (ADJECTIVE)

act active

create creative

attract attractive

offend offensive

permit permissive
A. Suffixes (Ind: Akhiran)
ADJECTIVE + ly = ADVERB

ADJECTIVE ...ly (ADVERB)

absolute absolutely

certain certainly

frequent frequently

creative creatively

offensive offensively
B. Prefixes (Ind: Awalan)
Meaning: the opposite of, the absence of, not
Un- Added to: adjectives and participles

Un-
able unable

available unavailable

readable unreadable

seen unseen

born unborn
B. Prefixes (Ind: Awalan)
Meaning: not
Non- Added to: nouns, adjectives, adverbs

Non-
smoker nonsmoker

conformist nonconformist

perishable nonperishable

economic non-economic

trivially nontrivially
B. Prefixes (Ind: Awalan)
In- Meaning: not
Added to: adjectives
IM, IR, IL

In-
logical Illogical

movable Immovable

responsible Irresponsible

rational Irrational

polite Impolite