Lecture 4

Human-computer interaction.
Plan:

1. User interface as means of human-computer interaction. Usability of

interfaces.
2. Types of interfaces: command line interface, text interface, graphic
interface, voice interface.
3. Physical and mental characteristics of the user. Development stages
of the user interface. Types of testing of interfaces (testing of users).
Perspectives of development of interfaces.
UI, in Aviation
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jTsCJDtuoSk

• Airbus A350 XWB New Touch Screens Cockpit Displays, Aviation

General
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vpg9xrbNwxM, Logistics User
Interface App English Version

• Each discipline have to find their respective UI and make a

presentation during this week
1.User interface as means of human-computer
interaction. Usability of interfaces.
• The user interface (UI) is the point of human-computer interaction and
communication in a device. (display screens, keyboards, a mouse and
the appearance of a desktop).
• It is also the way through which a user interacts with an application or a
website.
• Human–computer interaction (commonly referred to as HCI) researches the
design and use of computer technology, focused on the interfaces between
people (users) and computers.
• A good User Interface is important because it can turn potential visitors to
buyers as it facilitates interaction between the user and your website or
application. It does not only focus only on the aesthetics but also maximizes
responsiveness, efficiency and accessibility of a website.
 1.User interface as means of human-computer
interaction. Usability of interfaces.
Usability is a quality attribute that assesses how easy user interfaces
are to use. The word "usability" also refers to methods for improving
ease-of-use during the design process.
graphical user interfaces (GUI) Visual Based :The visual based human
computer inter-action is probably the most widespread area in HCI
research
Voice user interfaces (VUI) are used for speech recognition and
synthesising systems, Audio Based : The audio based interaction
between a computer and a human is another important area of in HCI
systems.
2. Types of interfaces: command line
interface, text interface, graphic interface.
•There exist several types of user interfaces.
 Command-Line Interface (CLI):
 The user provides the input by typing a command
string with the computer keyboard and the system
provides output by printing text on the computer
monitor .
•Text interface with menus
•A text interface can be made easier to navigate
using menus created with text and ASCII extended
characters. For example, many command line text
editors have some type of interface with menus and
shortcut keys that make navigating the file being
edited easier. The picture below is an example of the
MS-DOS editor used to edit files while at the MS-DOS
or Windows command line.
WIMP or GUI Interface

•A graphical user interface (GUI) is the

most common type of user interface in use today. It is a very
'friendly' way for people to interact with the computer
because it makes use of pictures, graphics and icons - hence
why it is called 'graphical'.
•A GUI is also known as a WIMP interface
because it makes use of:
•Windows - a rectangular area on the
screen where the commonly used applications run
•Icons - a picture or symbol which is used to
represent a software application or hardware device
•Menus - a list of options from which the user can
choose what they require
•Pointers - a symbol such as an arrow which
moves around the screen as you move your mouse.
Helps you to select objects.
Post-WIMP interfaces

•Applications for which WIMP is not well suited may use newer
interaction techniques, collectively termed post-WIMP user interfaces.
As of 2011, some touchscreen-based operating systems such as Apple's iOS (iPhone) and
Android use the class of GUIs named post-WIMP. These support styles of interaction using
more than one finger in contact with a display, which allows actions such as pinching and
rotating, which are unsupported by one pointer and mouse.
•Application command-line interfaces
Application programs may also have command line interfaces.
Menu Interface

• This type of interface lets you interact with a computer or device by

working your way through a series of screens or menus.
• Think about your iPad or mobile phone, they both use a menu driven
interface. You are presented with a menu, you make a choice and
then the next menu appears on the screen. You make another choice
and so on.
• Cashpoint machines (ATMs) are another good example of a menu
driven interface.
Menu Interface
• Menu driven interfaces can also be verbal rather than visual. For
example a telephone , which asks to 'press 1 for Ru, press 2 for Kz.
• Most of the software that you use have menu interfaces. You can use
many features of the software by working your way through the menu
options. Have a look at the menus in your Word processor or Excel
and see how many different choices you are given.
• A well designed menu interface is simple to use, you just follow the
instructions and make your choices.
Menu Interface for Word
Menu Interface for Excel
Sound and speech interface

•This type of interface allows the user to speak or type in their normal
everyday language in order to interact with the computer.
•For example, some applications such as speech recognition software
accepts the spoken words and converts them into text on the computer.
These applications have a much wider vocabularly than the dialogue
interface. Rustam Kaspi
•An example of a natural language interface which makes use of
written text is a 'chat bot'. This software mimics a conversation - you
ask it questions and it will come back with a suitable comment for you.
•This is the most technically challenging form of interface for the
designers as it has to cope with different accents, dialects, slang,
homonyms (bare or bear) etc.
1. Design Process Steps
2. HCI Design Rules and Best Practices
3. The Importance of HCI
4. The History of HCI
5. The Future of HCI
6. User-Centered Design (UCD)
7. User Interface (UI) Design
8. User Experience (UX) Design
9. Human Factors and Ergonomics
10. Cognitive Psychology and Perception
11. Social Psychology and Group Dynamics
12. Information Architecture and Navigation Design
13. Usability Testing and Evaluation
14. Accessibility and Inclusive Design
15. Mobile and Wearable Computing
16. Virtual and Augmented Reality (VR/AR)
(Test example) Questions:

•<question> The interface, which has graphics:

•<variant> windows
•<variant> command
•<variant> expansion of a name of the file document.
•<variant> input device
•<variant> output device