There are three basic software types:

1. System software to provide core functions such as operating systems, disk

management, utilities, hardware management and other operational necessities.
2. Programming software to give programmers tools such as text editors, compilers,
linkers, debuggers and other tools to create code
3. Application software (applications or apps) to help users perform tasks.
A possible fourth type is embedded software. Embedded systems software is used to
control machines and devices not typically considered to be computer used in IOT.
Software development is primarily done by programmers, software engineers and
software developer
Developing software typically involves the following steps:
• Selecting a methodology : include Agile development, DevOps, Rapid Application
Development (RAD), Scaled Agile Framework (SAFe), Waterfall and others.
• Gathering requirements to understand and document what is required by users and
other stakeholders.
• Choosing or building an architecture as the underlying structure within which the
software will operate.
• Developing a design
• Building a model by language like SysML or UML
• Constructing code
• Testing
• Managing configuration and defects
• Deploying
• Migrating data
• Managing and measuring the project by Capability Maturity Model (CMM).
Development Tools :Python tools most widely used by developers
1. Scikit-Learn 2. Keras : 3. Theano: 4.SciPy:
…………………………………
5. Selenium: 6.Robot Framework: 7.TestComplete:
…………………………….
8.Beautiful Soup: 9.LXML: 10. Scrapy: 11. Urllib:
The purpose of:
1. Compiler
2. Interpreters. (like a translator)
3. Debuggers.
4. Profilers.
For Python, IDLE is a simple IDE.
Python Installation
1. Step 1: Select Version of Python to Install
2. Step 2: Download Python Executable Installer
Windows x86-64 executable installer or the Windows x86 executable installer.
Install launcher for all users
Add Python to Path checkbox
3. Step 3: Run Executable Installer
4. Select Install Now
select Disable path length limit.
5. Verify Python Was Installed on Windows Double-click python.exe
How to Write a Python Program
• There are two ways to code a Python program using IDLE:
• By coding directly into the Python Shell of IDLE;
• By coding in a separate file.
• We use the cd command to navigate folder like D:\Program Files\
python_work
• We use the dir command to make sure file is in this folder
python_work
• We run the file using the command python hello_world.py
VARIABLES AND SIMPLE DATA TYPES
• Every variable is connected to a value, which is the information associated with that variable.
• Integer Values : positive or negative whole numbers without a fractional part like
(0,5,178,-234) Integers can be binary, octal and hexadecimal values. Use the type() method to get the class name. Leading
zeros in non-zero integers are not allowed, for example 000123. Python does not allow a comma as a number delimiter. Use
underscore “_” as a delimiter instead>>> x=1_234_567_890.
Multiple Assignment like >>> x, y, z = 0, 0, 0
Constants : When you want to treat a variable as a constant in your code, make the name of the variable all capital letters.
Float values : floating point numbers (floats) are positive and negative real numbers with a fractional part denoted by the
decimal symbol . integer , If it includes a fractional then it becomes a float. The int() function converts a string or float to int.
Use the float() function to convert string, int to float.
Complex Numbers: A complex number is a number with real and imaginary components.
string value : A character set is a sequence. A full character is typically found in strings. Python understands the correct form
of restricting a string length for both single (“) and double quotes (“”). 1.Changing Case in a String with Methods name =
"ada lovelace“ and print(name.title())
2.Using Variables in Strings
3. Adding Whitespace to Strings with Tabs or Newlines like \t and \n
4. Stripping Whitespace

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• Comments : adding it by using #
Variables and Assignment:
• In Python, “=” assigns the value of the statement to the right of the
element to that of the left.
• A tuple is a set of words separated by commas. In the statement of
assignment x, y, z = 100, −45, 0
Identifiers in Python : An identifier is a term used to name objects and
is a built-in function or reserved keyword