 Participant

 Perpetrators

 Accomplices

 Indirect perpetrator

 Accessory of the fact

 S v Safatsa (p 227)

 Discuss the judgement

 A, B and C is busy robbing ABSA bank in the mall.
They fled through the door after each of them
obtained a bag full of money. The security officers
gave chase and a shoot-out occurs. During the
shoot-out one security officer and A was killed. B
fled via the main entrance and C ran into Edgars
where he held Z, one of the shoppers, hostage with
his gun. Y, someone who happened to be in the
mall, gave chase to C. Y is armed. C ordered Y to
put down his gun but Y fired a shot killing Z, the
hostage. C then dropped his gun and surrendered.

 What kind of participants are B,C and Y, if any?

Oneply, Twoply and Threeply are best friends. They
are furious because their employer, Twinsaver, is
busy designing a fourply. They want to confront
Twinsaver and decide to go to his house where they
threw stones and bricks at it. The brick that Threeply
has thrown, hit Twinsaver on the head. Twinsaver
dies on the scene.


Who is criminally liable for the death of Twinsaver?

Motivate your answer by referring to relevant case
law. (10)