Configuring and Testing

Your Network

Internetwork Operating System

Version 4.0 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1
Similar to a personal computer, a router or switch cannot
function without an operating system.

Without an operating system, the hardware does not

have any capabilities.

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Introduction

 What is IOS (Internetwork Operating System)?

–The Cisco Internetwork Operating System (IOS) is the system
software in Cisco devices. It is the core technology that extends
across most of the Cisco product line.
 The Cisco IOS provides devices with the following
network services:
–Basic routing and switching functions
–Reliable and secure access to networked resources
–Network scalability

 The services provided by the Cisco IOS are generally

accessed using a command line interface (CLI).

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Introduction

 The IOS file itself is several megabytes in size and is

stored in a semi-permanent memory area called flash.
 In many router architectures, the IOS is copied into RAM
when the device is powered on and the IOS runs from
RAM when the device is operating. This function
increases the performance of the device.

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Access Method

 There are several ways to access the CLI environment.

The most usual methods are:
–Console
–Telnet or SSH
–AUX port

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Access Method

 Console
–A console uses a low speed serial connection to directly connect
a computer or terminal to the console port on the router or switch.
–The console port is a management port that provides out-of-band
access to a router. The console port is accessible even if no
networking services have been configured on the device.

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 Access Method
 Console
–The console port is often used to access a device when the
networking services have not been started or have failed.

 Examples of console use are:

–The initial configuration of the network device
–Disaster recovery procedures and troubleshooting where remote
access is not possible
–Password recovery procedures

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 Access Method
 Telnet and SSH(Secure Shell)
–A method for remotely accessing a CLI session is to telnet to the
router.
–Unlike the console connection, Telnet sessions require active
networking services on the device.
–A host with a Telnet client can access the vty sessions running on
the Cisco device. For security reasons, the IOS requires that the
Telnet session use a password, as a minimum authentication
method.

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 Access Method
 Telnet and SSH
–The Secure Shell (SSH) protocol is a more secure method for
remote device access.
– This protocol provides the structure for a remote login similar to
Telnet, except that it utilizes more secure network services.

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Access Method
 AUX
–Auxiliary port.
–Similar to the console connection, this method does not require
any networking services to be configured or available on the
device.

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Role of Internetwork Operating System (IOS)
 classes of devices that have IOS embedded

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Role of Internetwork Operating System (IOS)
 Startup config

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Role of Internetwork Operating System (IOS)
 Relationship between IOS and config

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Role of Internetwork Operating System (IOS)
 Recognize that Cisco IOS is modal and describe the
implications of modes

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Role of Internetwork Operating System (IOS)
 The different modes and identify The mode prompts in
the CLI

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Role of Internetwork Operating System (IOS)
 basic command structure for IOS commands

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Role of Internetwork Operating System (IOS)
 Different configuration modes, their purpose and their
associated prompt

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Role of Internetwork Operating System (IOS)
 Use the CLI to access various IOS configuration modes
on a device

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Use Cisco CLI Commands to Perform Basic Router &
Switch Configuration and Verification
 Naming devices

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Use Cisco CLI Commands to Perform Basic
Router & Switch Configuration and Verification
 The common approach on naming conventions

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Use Cisco CLI Commands to Perform Basic
Router & Switch Configuration and Verification
Limiting access to device configurations

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Use Cisco CLI Commands to Perform Basic
Router & Switch Configuration and Verification
 Describe several ways in which access to a device
configuration can be limited

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Use Cisco CLI Commands to Perform Basic
Router & Switch Configuration and Verification
 Use the CLI to set passwords and add banners to a
device

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Use Cisco CLI Commands to Perform Basic
Router & Switch Configuration and Verification
 Trace the steps used to examine the startup config,
make changes to config, and replace the startup config
with the running config

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Use Cisco CLI Commands to Perform Basic
Router & Switch Configuration and Verification
 Use a text file to backup and restore config settings

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Use Cisco CLI Commands to Perform Basic
Router & Switch Configuration and Verification
 Identify the role of a router in a network.

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Use Cisco CLI Commands to Perform Basic
Router & Switch Configuration and Verification
 Describe the purpose of having multiple interfaces in
one router

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Use Cisco CLI Commands to Perform Basic
Router & Switch Configuration and Verification
 Explain the purpose of assigning interface descriptions
to a router

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Select, Apply, and Verify Appropriate
Addressing Parameters to a Host
 Given a type of host and a master addressing scheme, trace the
steps for assigning host parameters to a host

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Select, Apply, and Verify Appropriate
Addressing Parameters to a Host
 Trace the steps for using ipconfig/ifconfig to verify host parameter
assignments and for using ping to test assignments

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Select, Apply, and Verify Appropriate
Addressing Parameters to a Host
 Identify two ways parameters can be assigned to hosts

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Use Common Utilities to Verify Network
Connectivity Between Hosts
 Use the ping command in the CLI to determine if the IP
protocol is operational on a local host

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Use Common Utilities to Verify Network
Connectivity Between Hosts
 Use the ping command to determine if the IP protocol is
properly bound to an NIC

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Use Common Utilities to Verify Network
Connectivity Between Hosts
 Use the ping command to determine if a host can
actively communicate across the local network

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Use Common Utilities to Verify Network
Connectivity Between Hosts
 Use the ping command to verify that the local host can
communicate across the internetwork to a given remote
host.

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Use Common Utilities to Verify Network
Connectivity Between Hosts
 Identify several conditions that might cause the test to
fail

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Use Common Utilities to Verify Network
Connectivity Between Hosts
 Use trace commands to identify network connectivity
problem

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Use Common Utilities to Establish a Relative
Performance Baseline for the Network
 Use the output of the ping command, saved into logs,
and repeated over time, to establish relative network
performance

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Use Common Utilities to Establish a Relative
Performance Baseline for the Network
 Use the output of the traceroute command, saved into
logs, and repeated over time, to establish relative
network performance

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Use Common Utilities to Establish a Relative
Performance Baseline for the Network
 Trace the steps for verifying the physical addresses of
the hosts

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Summary

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© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 42