Composition of Urine and

Renal Function Test

Urine isn't just waste, it tells a story. Discover the fascinating composition of
urine and the importance of renal function tests.

Submitted by:ALAN BIJU

What is Urine?
Urine is a liquid waste product formed by the kidneys, containing water, electrolytes, waste products, and various
substances that provide valuable insights into our health.
Composition of Urine
Water Electrolytes

A vital component that accounts for about 95% of Includes sodium, potassium, calcium, and other
urine volume. ions essential for maintaining proper bodily
functions.

Metabolic Waste Other Substances

Urea, uric acid, and creatinine are products of Includes hormones, drugs, toxins, and other
cellular metabolism that need to be eliminated. chemicals that shed light on our overall health
status.
Renal Function Tests
Blood Urea Nitrogen
(BUN)
A test to measure the amount of
nitrogen in the blood as an
indicator of kidney function.
Creatinine
Clearance
An evaluation of kidney
filtration efficiency by
measuring the creatinine levels
in blood and urine.
Glomerular Filtration Rate
(GFR)
A widely-used test that estimates
how well the kidneys filter waste
from the blood.
Why Are These Tests
Performed?
Renal function tests help diagnose kidney diseases, evaluate kidney function,
monitor treatment progress, and assess overall health in conditions like diabetes
or high blood pressure.
Interpreting the Results
Normal Range
Results falling within the
established range indicate healthy
kidney function.
Abnormal Results
Results outside the normal range
may suggest kidney damage,
dysfunction, or other underlying
health issues.
Consult a
Specialist
Always consult a medical
professional to analyze and
interpret the results accurately.
Common Renal Function Disorders
1 Kidney Stones

Hard deposits that form in the kidneys and

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) can cause severe pain and obstruct urine
2
flow.
An infection that affects any part of the
urinary system and can lead to kidney
3 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
damage if left untreated.
A progressive condition where the kidneys
gradually lose their function, potentially
leading to kidney failure.
Preventative Measures and Treatment Options

Prevention Treatment

Stay hydrated and maintain a balanced diet. Medication, dialysis, kidney transplant.

Avoid excessive use of certain medications or Manage underlying conditions, such as diabetes or
substances. high blood pressure.

Regular exercise and maintaining a healthy Implement lifestyle modifications for improved
lifestyle. kidney function.