Formulating

Conclusions and
Recommendations
Chapter 6
 Topics in this chapter : Learning Outcomes:
Summary of the Write the insights and
findings comprehensive report based
on findings.
Conclusions Formulate a set of logical
Recommendations conclusions as well as
recommendations.
Write the final part of the
research report.
 1. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS

This
Thesection of a research
assessment report serves as an
of the interrelationships ofintroduction
portfolio
to conclusions
in respectand recommendations.
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members of synergy and strategic fit.

It recapitulates in a summarized version (into possibly one

Models for Aiding

to two paragraphs) the results and findings.

Strategic Selection
TRIVIA
In many reports written by practitioners and consultancy, this section is
omitted or is lumped with conclusions.
 CONCLUSIONS
It would be factual and logical , they should be linked
to the research findings.
CHAPTER 11
Models for Aiding
To make the conclusions more relevant , the researcher must state
the potential direct or indirect implications of each item.

Strategic Selection
It is understand to help stakeholders of the study understand why the
research should matter to them , how it affects them, and internalize the
impact of the study.
A well-written conclusion provides the
CHAPTER 11
researcher with vital opportunities to
demonstrate to the users of the study a
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good understanding of the research
problem in terms of...
Strategic Selection
presenting the final word on the research issues tackled in
the study
summarizing the insights and conveying the larger

CHAPTER 11
significance for the study
Identifying how to research gap in the review of literature

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and studies has been addressed
demonstrating the importance of the study by elaborating

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the impact of the research findings, and
introducing a fresh or innovative approach to be research
problem
 REMINDER
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One or two well-developed
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paragraphs would suffice for the
narration of the research conclusions.
Strategic Selection
There are some challenges in writing the summary of findings and
conclusions, and researchers must be aware of these pitballs

A research-based engagement with a complex and or extensive purpose or

CHAPTER 11
prohlem will most likely be difficult to summarize.

Some researchers or consultants are fail to describe the key

Models for Aiding

points of the report and explain their significance.
Researchers would sometimes omit the discussing the

Strategic Selection
methodology in detail.
Incoherent conclusions in a report will confuse readers and they may find
the conclusions and recommendations illogical.
There are some challenges in writing the summary of findings and
conclusions, and researchers must be aware of these pitballs

New ideas and information should be presented in the conclusions

CHAPTER 11
sections if they have not been discussed in the findings .

Conclusions are stated in a confusing and incongruous

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language.
Researchers sometimes are not honest or may fail to reveal the problem

Strategic Selection
and negative results to window dress the report.

Two or moreare lumped into one they should be

enumerately separated.
 HELPFUL TIPS:
We have 8 writing strategies but we will only provide

CHAPTER 11
three to help researchers to used or to apply;

If the research deals with a contemporary issue, warn users of the study of co

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the potential consequences of not attending to the problem.

e Recommend a specific courses of action that, if adopted , could solve a sta

specific problem in practice or in the development of new knowledge.

Strategic Selection
y
r Cite a relevant quotation or expert opinion already mentioned in an earlier part of the report
to lend authority and credibility to the conclusions.
sta
 RECOMMENDATIONS
are proposed solutions or courses of action suggested

CHAPTER 11
by the practitioner or consultant supported by data,
after vetting the results of the study, and always based
on the conclusions.
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Thus, reports anchored in specific problems that
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need solutions necessarily have recommendations
at the end of report.
RECOMMENDATIONS may take various forms, such as;

.1 .2
CHAPTER .3
11
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.4
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.5 .6
 2.
.
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SOUND .
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DECISION TO
Strategic Selection
MAKE
 1.
.
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NEW OR IMPROVED .
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POLICIES ,
PROCEDURES, AND
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STANDARDS
 3.
.
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.
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GUIDELINES
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TO FOLLOW
 4.
.
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.
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PROJECT OR
PROGRAM TO
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PURSUE
 5.
.
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.
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REPORT , DOCUMENT,
MANUAL, OR FORM TO
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COMPLETE
 6.
.
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.
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LEGISLATION OR
POLICY TO PASS OR
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PROMULGATE
 VITAL TIPS IN
SHAPING
RECOMMENDATIONS
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In developing recommendations, the final layer of the report, it is
critical to figure out what next's for the client and engager.

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1.ACTIONABLE
2.SPECIFIC

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3.ACHIEVABLE
4.TESTED FOR ACCEPTABILITY
 EXAMPLE:
RECOMMENDATION:
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Governance mechanisms in
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the company must be
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enhance.
 EXAMPLE:
IMPROVED RECOMMENDATION:
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Governance within the company is strengthened by:
• implementing a comprehensive orientation and training

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to all members of the BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
• revising internal control pertinent to procurement ,
employee hiring , and internal audit policies, and

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• creation of audit committee to monitor all audit
activities and uphold audit objectives.
CHAPTER SUMMARY
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The summary of findings, conclusions, and
recommendations is the final leg of a

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research-based report by an audit
practitioner and consultant. The summary

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of findings are is brief introduction to the
conclusions and recommendations.
CHAPTER SUMMARY
A conclusions is a factual, relevant, and
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logical offshoot of the findings, and is
intended to help stakeholders of the study
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to understand why the research matters to
them or the organization, how it affects

Strategic Selection
them , and internalize the impact of the
study.
CHAPTER SUMMARY
CHAPTERmay
A recommendation 11take
many forms but a good one is
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actionable, specific, achievable,
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and tested for acceptability.
 THANK YOU!
REPORTERS

LAYLO,
Aquilo, PLANCI
JESSA
Poely A, VIJOE
GRACE