Government Programs and

Initiative on Local, National

and Global in Addressing
Social Inequalities
Group 8: Pagayocan, Asmalia D. & Rakim, Nairah D.
Presenting…
Government Programs and
Initiative on Local, National
and Global in Addressing
Social Inequalities
Group 8: Pagayocan, Asmalia D. & Rakim, Nairah D.
Agenda
Government Program
Initiative
Inequality/ies
Social Inequality
• Types of Social Inequality
• Cause and Effect
Global Inequality
• Cause and Effect

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Government
Program
Government Program

Government Program

a program that is instituted by a Government Entity. Governmental

Program means any program, fund, scheme, or benefit administered
by or on behalf of any governmental authority, and in which program,
fund, scheme, or benefit the Company participates or has applied to
participate.

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Government Program

Example:

 Government Programs for Youth in The Philippines

 Educational Assistance
 Alternative Learning System
 National Feeding Program for Undernourished Children

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 Government Program
 Government Programs for Youth in The Philippines

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 Government Program
 Educational Assistance

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 Government Program
 Alternative Learning System

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 Government Program
 National Feeding Program for Undernourished Children

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Initiative
Initiative

Initiative

Initiative is a power reserved to the voters to propose

legislation, by petition, that would enact, amend or repeal a
City Charter or Code provision. Initiatives are a way for
citizens to have their voices heard in politics by bypassing the
legislative branch of government.

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Initiative

Local Initiative

the legal process whereby the registered voters of a local

government unit may directly propose, enact, or amend any
ordinance. Local referendum - the legal process whereby the
registered voters of the local government units may approve or
reject any ordinance enacted by the Sangguniang.

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Initiative

The Sangguniang Bayan

is the local legislative branch of the municipal governments in

the Philippines. It is responsible for passing ordinances and
resolutions for the administration of a municipality. Its powers are
defined by the Local Government Code, passed by Congress in
1991.

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 Initiative
"Initiative" is the power of the people to propose amendments to the
Constitution or to propose and enact legislations through an election called for
the purpose.

There are three (3) systems of initiative, namely:

1. Initiative on the Constitution which refers to a petition proposing

amendments to the Constitution;
2. Initiative on statutes which refers to a petition proposing to enact a national
legislation; and
3. Initiative on local legislation which refers to a petition proposing to enact a
regional, provincial, city,Government
municipal, orInitiative
Programs and barangay law,andresolution or ordinance.
on Local, National
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Initiative

Initiative on the Constitution

The provision in the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines allowing

for a "people's initiative" as one of the modes for constitutional
amendment has been called the "people's initiative clause." The
other modes allowed by the Constitution involve a Constituent
Assembly (or "Con-Ass") or a Constitutional Convention (or "Con-
Con"), both of which also allow a total revision of the charter.

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Initiative

Initiative on statutes
Statute and referendum initiatives. The People's Initiative
can also refer to the right of Filipinos to initiate statutes as
well as call for referendums on both the national and local
government level, a right given by the Initiative and
Referendum Act of 1987.

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Initiative

Initiative on local
Initiative on local legislation which refers to a petition
proposing to enact a regional, provincial, city, municipal, or
barangay law, resolution or ordinance. (b) "Indirect initiative"
is exercise of initiative by the people through a proposition
sent to Congress or the local legislative body for action.

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Initiative

Initiative on statutes
Statute and referendum initiatives. The People's Initiative
can also refer to the right of Filipinos to initiate statutes as
well as call for referendums on both the national and local
government level, a right given by the Initiative and
Referendum Act of 1987.

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Inequalities
 Inequalities
 difference in size, degree, circumstances, etc.; lack of equality. "Social inequality"
 Political participation inequality refers to how populations differ in political participation when sorted
by various characteristics. Most often these groupings are by social class, race, gender, or ethnicity.
(Politics).
 Inequality refers to the phenomenon of unequal and/or unjust distribution of resources and
opportunities among members of a given society. (In Society). The major examples of social
inequality include income gap, gender inequality, health care, and social class. In health care,
some individuals receive better and more professional care compared to others. ... In most
societies, an individual's social status is a combination of ascribed and achieved factors.
 the condition of being unequal; lack of equality; disparity: inequality of size. social or economic
disparity: inequality between rich and poor people; widening income inequality in America. unequal
opportunity or treatment resulting from this disparity: inequality in healthcare and education.
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Social
Inequality
 Social Inequality

Social Inequality
Social inequality is the existence of unequal
opportunities and rewards for different social status
or positions within a group or society social.

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 Social Inequality

Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings.

No matter what our nationality is, what color our skin is, what
status we have in the society, etc., we are all equal. These
rights are all interrelated, interdependent and indivisible.

Ethnic minorities are also discriminated. They are

often discriminated by the people who do not understand
their cultures and traditions.
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 Types of Social Inequality

1. Political Inequality
2. Income and Wealth Inequality.
3.Life Inequality
4.Inequality of Treatment and Responsibility
5.Inequality of Membership
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1.Political Inequality
Political
Inequality
– the inequality in
which there is no
civic equality in
front of the law.

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2. Income and Wealth Inequality
Income and
Wealth Inequality
– it is the outcome
or result which is
primarily in the
earnings of
individuals.

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3. Life Inequality
Life Inequality
– this refers to
inequalities of
opportunities of
provided can improve
the quality of life.

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4. Inequality of Treatment and Responsibility
Inequality of Treatment
and Responsibility –
Although this idea is less
examined but it
generates problems in
agency and
responsibility.

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5. Inequality of Membership
Inequality of
Membership
– this exists in the
membership of
faith, family and
nation.

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The Effects of Social
Inequality

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 Effects of Social Inequality

Social inequality affects nearly every dimension of our lives. For example,
did you know that children from lower-income families are three times more
likely to die from disease, accidents, neglect, or violence during the first
year of life than children from middle to upper-income families? In
addition, on average, people in the middle and upper classes also live five
years longer than those with lower incomes.
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The Causes of Social
Inequality

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 The Causes of Social Inequality

The causes of social inequality include society's acceptance

of roles, stereotyping, social organization by class (or class
systems) and economic disparity, as well as legislation and
political inequality.

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 The Causes of Social Inequality

Causes of Inequality
Social Factors Economic Factors
 Education  Low income and poverty
 Housing
 Health  Unemployment
 Crime and Justice System  Promotion
 Family Structure
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Global
Inequality
 Global inequality

Global inequality

Global inequality is the unequal distribution of resources,

opportunities, and power that shape well-being among the 8 billion
individuals on our planet.
For example, areas of global inequality in society today would be
gender, wealth and employment, health and education. How we
explain this unequal distribution of resources will affect what we
consider the cause.

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The Important Global
Inequality Facts

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The Important Global Inequality Facts
1. In 2018, the richest 26 people owned increases to 459 trillion USD until 2024
as much wealth as the 3.8 billion 6. 56% of the worldwide population owns
poorest people, Half of humanity lives wealth less than 10,000 USD in 2019
of less than 5.50 USD per day in 2018. 7. Less than 11% of the global population
2. Global wealth worldwide amounts to owns more than 100,000 USD in
361 trillion USD in 2019 wealth in 2019.
3. There are 47 million millionaires 8. The 10% richest people own 84% of
worldwide in 2019 overall global wealth in 2019
4. The average wealth per capital 9. The richest 1% of people owned
amounts to 70,849 USD in 2019 around 45% of overall global wealth in
5. It is estimated that total global wealth 2019.
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The Causes And Effects
Of Global Inequality.

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The Causes Of Global Inequality.
1.Political goals 8.Low investment incentives
2.Exploitation of poor for firms
countries 9.Low living quality
3.Tax avoidance 10.Regional factors
4.Low investment incentives 11.Conflicts, Famine
for firms 12.Consumption behavior and
5.Lack of education Natural disasters
6.Gender inequality
7.Insecurity regarding
property rights
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The Effects Of Global Inequality.
1.Health effects 8.Lack of access to
2.Social tensions education
3.Increased probability for 9.Bad working conditions
conflicts 10.Radical movements
4.Frustration 11.Migration
5.Drug use
6.Poverty
7.Starvation
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The Solutions For
Global Inequality

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Thank you