SOLID AND HAZARDOUS

WASTE MANAGEMENT
SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTE
MANAGEMENT
 objectives

Explain the objectives of waste management

Explain the procedures for reuse, recycling

Discuss the use of incinerating and land filling solid waste disposal
method

Explain the procedure of disposing hazardous waste management

Give examples of Toxic Metals

Discuss the strategies for Achieving Low-Waste Society/industry

Identify the laws regulating waste disposal in Botswana

 What is waste
• Any material that is discarded, useless or
unwanted
Solid Waste Management in Botswana
• Waste Management Act (Laws of Botswana,
2011) and the Botswana‘s Strategy for Waste
Management (Botswana Environmental
Information System, 2011), which was
published during the year 1998.
• The Waste Management Act (WMA) provides
some regulatory measures for the waste
collection, disposal and recycling.
How much waste is generated in Gaborone

By :Jayesh kumar Nagabooshnam, Published

2012,Engineering
Amount of different waste categories in total sample size analysed at the Gamodubu landfill
(i.e. 2,400 kg)
Amount of different waste categories in total
sample size analysed at the Gamodubu landfill
(i.e. 2,400 kg)
Current waste collection practice in Gaborone
Objectives of waste management
The main consideration for solid waste
management (Reduction and control of solid
waste, collection, handling, transport and
disposal) can be enumerated as below:
• Public hygiene and health
• Reuse, recovery and recycle
• Energy generation
• Sustainable development
• Aesthetics.
 classification of waste
• Industrial Wastes: Any solid, liquid or gaseous
substance discharged, permitted to flow or
escaping from any industrial, manufacturing,
commercial or business establishment or
process or from the development, recovery or
processing of any natural resource as distinct
from sanitary sewage is categorised as
Industrial waste.
• Municipal Waste: Waste generated by
domestic premises, homes or human
settlements. Includes a wide variety of
materials such as paper and cardboard, food,
garden waste,glass, plastic, metal etc.
• Special wastes: Includes asbestos wastes,
radioactive and biomedical wastes that are
regarded as hazardous but which, with special
management techniques, may be disposed of
safely.
• Hazardous Wastes: These are the wastes which
poses a threat or risk to public health, safety
and environment.
The Hazardous waste can be further classified as
under.
• (i) Ignitable
• (ii) Toxic
• (iii) Reactive
• (iv) Corrosive
(i) Ignitable: Hazardous waste that is classified as ignitable includes the following:
• Liquids with a flashpoint of less than 60°C/140°F
• Solids that burn spontaneously
• Flammable compressed gas
• Oxidizers
(ii) Toxic: Wastes containing one or more of 39 specified contaminants.
(iii) Reactive: Waste that is classified as reactive includes the following:
• Materials that tend to be unstable at normal temperatures and pressures
• Water reactive materials
• Explosives
• Cyanide or sulfide bearing wastes
(iv) Corrosive: Waste that is classified as corrosive includes:
• Aqueous solutions with pH less than 2 or greater than 12.5
• Liquid that corrodes steel at a rate greater than 6.35 mm per year (0.25 inches per
year) at a test temperature of 55°C (130°F).
 Terminologies
• Inert: largely non-biodegradable, non-
flammable and not chemically reactive.
• Putrescible: Food wastes or wastes of animal
or vegetable origin, which readily biodegrade
within the environment of a landfill.
• Intractable: Waste that is a management
problem by virtue of its toxicity or chemical or
physical characteristics which make it difficult
to dispose of or
 Properties of waste
• Composition: The composition of solid waste
varies with several factors such as degree of
urbanization and industrialization, per capita
income, social customs, climatic conditions of
the area, Acceptability of packaged foods,
Frequency of collection by the municipality, etc.
• Density: The Density of solid waste varies from
150 kg/m3 to 800 kg/m3 depending upon the
waste composition and degree of compaction
• Energy content: Municipal solid waste
generally contains about 50% of combustible
matter. The average calorific value of the solid
waste is found to be 900- 1800 KCals/kg.
• Moisture content: The moisture content of
solid wastes is the amount of combined and
free moisture present which is expressed as
the mass of moisture per unit mass of wet or
dry material.