UNIT 3

INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR

SANDHYA ANIL 1
 INTRODUCTION
• An organization is basically the association of human beings
and a major problem of today’s organization is how to get
maximum possible efforts and contributions of the human
beings,
• those responsible for managing the organization must
understand the way human beings behave.
• The fact that there are tremendous differences among
individuals and among jobs is the basis of the frequently
expressed notion of “matching” people and jobs

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 VARIABLES INFLUENCING INDIVIDUAL
BEHAVIOR

The Person
• Skills & abilities
The Environment
• Personality • Organization
• Perceptions • Work group
• Attitudes • Job
• Values
• Personal life
• Ethics

Behavior

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• Individual behavior means some concrete
action by a person.
• The behavior of an individual is influenced by
various factors, some of the factors lie within
himself like his instincts, personality traits,
internal feelings etc.. While some lie outside
him comprising the external environment of
which he is part.
 FACTORS INFLUENCING INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOR

• Personality
• Ability
• Perception
• Motivation
• Socio-cultural factors
• Organizational factors

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 FOUNDATION OF INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR

• Personal factors
• Psychological factors
• Organizational systems and resources
• Environmental factors

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 Personal Factors
• Age
• Education
• Abilities
• creativity

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 Psychological Factors
• Personality
• Perception
• Attitude
• Values
• learning

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 Organizational systems and resources
• Physical facilities
• Organization structure and design
• Leadership
• Reward system
• work
 Environmental Factors
• Economic
• political
• Social norms and cultural values

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 WHAT IS PERSONALITY?

Personality.
- The overall profile or combination of
characteristics that capture the unique nature of a
person as that person reacts and interacts with
others.
- Combines a set of physical and mental
characteristics that reflect how a person looks,
thinks, acts, and feels.

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 DETERMINANTS
Heredity and environment.
- Heredity sets the limits on the development of personality
characteristics.
- Environment determines development within these limits.
– About a 50-50 heredity-environment split.
- Cultural values and norms play a substantial role in the
development of personality.
- Social factors include family life, religion, and many kinds of
formal and informal groups.
- Situational factors reflect the opportunities or constraints
imposed by the operational context.

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 Personality and the self-concept.

- Personality dynamics.
• The ways in which an individual integrates and
organizes social traits, values and motives, personal
conceptions, and emotional adjustments.
- Self-concept.
• The view individuals have of themselves as
physical, social, and spiritual or moral beings.
• Self-esteem.
• Self-efficacy.

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 HOW DO PERSONALITIES DIFFER?

Social traits.
- traits that reflect the way a person appears to others
when interacting in various social settings.
- An important social trait is problem-solving style.
• The way a person goes about gathering and evaluating
information in solving problems and making decisions.

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Information gathering in problem solving.
- Getting and organizing data for use.

-Sensation-type individuals prefer routine and

order and emphasize well-defined details in
gathering information.
-Intuitive-type individuals like new problems
and dislike routine.

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 Information evaluation in problem solving.
- Making judgments about how to deal with
information once it has been collected.
– Feeling-type individuals are oriented toward
conformity and try to accommodate
themselves to other people.
- Thinking-type individuals use reason and
intellect to deal with problems and downplay
emotions.

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 Types of Personality
• Personality type theory aims to classify people into distinct
CATEGORIES. i.e. this type or that.
• Personality types are synonymous with "personality
styles".
• Types refers to categories that are distinct and
discontinuous.
e.g. you are one or the other.
• Type A personality
• Type B personality

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• Meyer Friedman, an American cardiologist, noticed in the
1940's that the chairs in his waiting room got worn out from
the edges.
• They hypothesized that his patients were driven, impatient
people, who sat on the edge of their seats when waiting.
• They labelled these people "Type A" personalities. Type A
personalities are work-aholics, always busy, driven, somewhat
impatient, and so on.
• Type B personalities, on the other hand are laid back and
easy going.

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