Ijaz ahmad

Roll no (06)
Sec (A)
Reg N0 18pwciv4999
• Ijaz ahmad
• Sec (A)
• Class no (06)
• Registration N0 (18pwciv4999)
Topic of presentation:
Creep:
• It is a type of non structural cracks.
Non structural cracks:
• As the name itself implies, refers to any parts of the
building that doesn’t belong to the core or frame of
the building for example wall (except load bearing
wall),driveway,and walkway. Cracks occurred in this
case are not that threatening if compared to structural
crack
 PICTURES OF
NON STRUCTURAL CRACKS:
Creep:
Deformation of structure under sustained load.
Basically, long term pressure or stress on concrete can make it
change shape. This deformation usually occurs in the direction
the force is being applied. Like a concrete column getting more
compressed, or a beam bending.
PICTURES OF CREEP:
 Mechanism of creep:
• When a material is subjected to a stress that reaches the yield stress,
it deforms plastically (permanently). Provided the stress is kept
below this level, then in principle it should only deform elastically.
• However, if the homologous temperature (T/Tmp) is relatively high
(above ~0.4) then in practice plastic deformation can occur, even if
the applied stress is lower than the yield stress. This deformation is
usually progressive with time and is commonly known as creep.
• During loading under a constant stress, the strain tends to vary with time
approximately as shown below, where the effect of changing the applied
stress is also indicated. The graph below is a plot of creep strain.
• The elastic strain has been omitted.
• The terms “Primary”, “Secondary” and “Tertiary” creep are widely used.
At a simple level, they are often associated respectively with the concepts
of: (i) setting up some kind of mechanistic balance, (ii) steady state
(constant strain rate) deformation occurring once this balance has been set
up and (iii) the breakdown of this balance, often with defects starting to
appear and failure rapidly following.
 Schematic creep curves, for 3 different levels of
applied stress (σ1 > σ2 > σ3)
 CONTROLLING OF
CREEP CRACKS:
• By using aggrigates having high modulus of elasticity because
It can be easily imagined that the higher the modulus of
elasticity the less is the creep. Light weight aggregate shows
substantially higher creep than normal weight aggregate.
• It can also be said that creep is inversely proportional to the
strength of concrete, so we can reduce creep cracks by keeping
water/cement low.
1.Homologous temperature
• The diffusivity of a material depends on how easily atoms move between vacant
sites in the lattice and on the vacancy concentration. Both jump rates and vacancy
concentrations are higher at higher temperatures, approaching limiting values
close to the melting temperature. It is thus the homologous temperature (T/Tm)
that is important. For example, diffusion (and hence creep) rates are relatively
high at room temperature for Pb (T/Tm ~0.5), but negligible for Ni (T/Tm <0.2).
There are clearly advantages in using materials with high melting temperatures.”
• 2.Grain structure
• Elongating the grains parallel to the applied stress direction will thus tend to
reduce the creep rate. This effect can be obtained with a columnar grain structure,
which is relatively easy to create using controlled directional solidification. Even
better is a single crystal (with a selected crystallographic orientation).
Thanks