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BCT 27 Lec1
BCT 27 Lec1
of Technology, Gorakhpur
07-02-2024 Side 2
Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur
Topics Unit/Topics
No.
1 Unit-1 Introduction to Mass transfer operation, Diffusion: Fick’s
law of diffusion,
2 Steady state molecular diffusion in fluids under stagnant,
3 Steady state molecular diffusion in fluids under laminar flow
conditions
4 Diffusion through variable cross-sectional area
5 Numerical solving on diffusion
6 Diffusion coefficient: measurement and prediction
7 Multi component diffusion
8 Diffusivity in solids and its applications
9 Introduction to mass transfer coefficient
10 Numerical solving on diffusion, multicomponent diffusion.
11 Equimolar counter-diffusion
12 Unit-2 Correlation for convective mass transfer coefficient
13 Correlation of mass transfer coefficients for single cylinder
07-02-2024 Side 3
Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur
14 Theories of mass transfer
15 Penetration theory, Surface Renewal Theory, Boundary Layer
Theory,
16 Interphase mass transfer theory
17 Overall mass transfer coefficient.
18 Numerical solving on Mass transfer coefficient and constant
07-02-2024 Side 4
Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur
Books
• Principles of Mass Transfer and Separation Processes
by Dutta B.K
• Transport Processes and separation Processes by
Chistie John Geankoplis
• Mass Transfer Operations by Robert Treybal
• Numerical Practice
• Mass Transfer (English, Paperback, Asokan K)
07-02-2024 Side 5
Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur
https://nptel.ac.in/courses/103/103/103103154/
07-02-2024 Side 6
Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur
07-02-2024 Side 7
Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur
07-02-2024 Side 8
Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur
i
i
where i is the concentration of species i in the mixture.
07-02-2024 Side 10
Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur
mA
nA
M A
----------------------------- (2)
Therefore from (1) & (2)
nA A
C A
V M A
•
07-02-2024 Side 11
Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur
07-02-2024 Side 12
Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur
Velocities
• Multicomponent system
• Various species have velocities;
velocity of mixture requires the averaging of the velocities of each species
present.
i i i i
i
i
• i
i
C i V i
* i
07-02-2024 Side 13
Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur
Problem1:
• The molar composition of a gas mixture at 273 K and 1.5 * 10 5 Pa is:
• O2 7%; CO 10%; CO 2 15%; N 2 68%
• Determine
• the composition in weight percent
• average molecular weight of the gas mixture
• density of gas mixture
• partial pressure of O 2.
HINT:
• Average molecular weight of the gas mixture M
Weight of gas mixture
Number of moles
30.68
M 30.68 g mol
1
07-02-2024 Side 15
Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur
Calculations:
Let the gas mixture constitutes 1 mole. Then
O2 = 0.07 mol
CO = 0.10 mol
CO 2 = 0.15 mol
N2 = 0.68 mol
Molecular weight of the constituents are:
O2 = 2 * 16 = 32 g/mol
CO = 12 + 16 = 28 g/mol
CO 2 = 12 + 2 * 16 = 44 g/mol
N2 = 2 * 14 = 28 g/mol
Weight of the constituents are: (1 mol of gas mixture)
O2 = 0.07 * 32 = 2.24 g
CO = 0.10 * 28 = 2.80 g
CO 2 = 0.15 * 44 = 6.60 g
N2 = 0.68 * 28 = 19.04 g
07-02-2024 Side 16
Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur
19.04
N2 * 100 62.06%
30.68
07-02-2024 Side 17
Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur
n P
V RT
n
molar density m
V
Therefore, density (or mass density) = mM
Where M is the molecular weight of the gas.
PM 1.5 * 10 5 * 30.68
Density m M kg m 3 = 2.03 kg/m 3
RT 8314 * 273
Partial pressure of O 2 = [mole fraction of O 2] * total pressure
7
100
* 1.5 * 10 5
= 0.07 * 1.5 * 10 5
= 0.105 * 10 5 Pa
07-02-2024 Side 18
Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur
Fick’s law
An empirical relation for the diffusional molar flux, first postulated by Fick and, accordingly,
often referred to as
Fick’s first law, defines the diffusion of component A in an isothermal, isobaric system. For
diffusion in only the Z direction,
the Fick’s rate equation is
dC A
J A D AB
dZ
where D AB is diffusivity or diffusion coefficient for component A diffusing
through component B,
and dCA / dZ is the concentration gradient in the Z-direction
07-02-2024 Side 19