Craniofacial Anomalies

Craniofacial anomalies are diverse group of deformities in

the growth of head and facial bones.
The term anomaly means irregularity
These abnormalities are congenital i.e, present from birth
Causes
•Combination of gene
•Environmental
•Folic acid deficiency
•Cleft lip
Hemifacial microsomia
Vascular malformation
Deformation
plagiocephaly (positional)
Craniosynostosis
Congenital deformation of head
and neck
• These are common and mostly resolve spontaneously
within the first few days of postnatal
• When they don’t, further evaluation may be
necessary to plan therapeutic interventions
• 2% of infants are born with extrinsic ally caused
deformations
• The common deformations considered under the
craniofacial category are nasal auricular and
mandibular deformities
 Teratogenic agents
Teratogens are agents that may cause birth defects when
present in the foetal environment
These include drugs, chemical and infections, physical
and metabolic agents that may cause advese affect in the
intrauterine life
Such factors may operate by exceedingly heterogenous
pathogenetic mechanisms to produce alterations of form
The mechanisms of teratogenesis are selective in terms
of target and effect
However the extent to which an individual
may be adversely affected varies due to;

1. Difference in dose
2. Developmental timing of exposure
3. Difference in susceptibility
4. Interactions among environmental exposures
Abnormalities of dental arch relations
A great many different types of malocculusion exist
and classifications are
1. Class 1 – arches in normal mesiodistal relations
Class II
 Mandibular arch distal to normal in its relation to
the maxillary arch
o Division I; bilaterally distal protruding maxillary
incisors
o Subdivision unilaterally distal protruding maxillary
incisors ,
o Division II – Bilaterally distal, retruding maxillary
incisors
o Subdivision – unilaterally distal, retruding maxillary
incisors
Class III
 mandibular arch mesial to normal in its relation to
the maxillary arch
Division – bilaterally mesial
Subdivision –unilaterally mesial
Thank You